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Practical Genetic Algorithms
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Practical Genetic Algorithms, second edition 2004 by Randy L. Haupt, Sue Ellen Haupt Electronic edition
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PRACTICAL GENETIC
ALGORITHMS

PRACTICAL GENETIC
ALGORITHMS
SECOND EDITION
Randy L. Haupt
Sue Ellen Haupt
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION

The book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or other-
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without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment
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Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com.
Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department,
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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best
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accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied
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tained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional
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print, however, may not be available in electronic format.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Haupt, Randy L.
Practical genetic algorithms / Randy L. Haupt, Sue Ellen Haupt.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Red. ed. of: Practical genetic algorithms. c1998.
“A Wiley-Interscience publication.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-471-45565-2
1. Genetic algorithms. I. Haupt, S. E. II. Haupt, Randy L. Practical genetic algorithms.
III. Title.
QA402.5.H387 2004
519.6¢2—dc22 2004043360
Printed in the Untied States of America
10987654321

To our parents
Anna Mae and Howard Haupt
Iona and Charles Slagle
and
our offspring,
Bonny Ann and Amy Jean Haupt

CONTENTS
Preface xi
Preface to First Edition xiii
List of Symbols xv
1 Introduction to Optimization 1
1.1 Finding the Best Solution 1
1.1.1 What Is Optimization? 2
1.1.2 Root Finding versus Optimization 3
1.1.3 Categories of Optimization 3
1.2 Minimum-Seeking Algorithms 5
1.2.1 Exhaustive Search 5
1.2.2 Analytical Optimization 7
1.2.3 Nelder-Mead Downhill Simplex Method 10
1.2.4 Optimization Based on Line Minimization 13
1.3 Natural Optimization Methods 18
1.4 Biological Optimization: Natural Selection 19
1.5 The Genetic Algorithm 22
Bibliography 24
Exercises 25
2 The Binary Genetic Algorithm 27
2.1 Genetic Algorithms: Natural Selection on a Computer 27
2.2 Components of a Binary Genetic Algorithm 28
2.2.1 Selecting the Variables and the Cost
Function 30
2.2.2 Variable Encoding and Decoding 32
2.2.3 The Population 36
2.2.4 Natural Selection 36
2.2.5 Selection 38
2.2.6 Mating 41
2.2.7 Mutations 43
2.2.8 The Next Generation 44
2.2.9 Convergence 47
vii
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