Feature Extraction in Computer Vision and Image Processing

图像处理方向，详细描述特征识别 Preface ix ....................................................................... Why did we write this book? ix ......................................... The book and its support x .............................................. In gratitude xii .................................................................... Final message xii .............................................................. 1 Introduction 1 ............................................................ 1.1 Overview 1 ................................................................. 1.2 Human and computer vision 1 ................................... 1.3 The human vision system 3 ....................................... 1.4 Computer vision systems 10 ....................................... 1.5 Mathematical systems 15 ............................................ 1.6 Associated literature 24 ............................................... 1.7 References 28 ............................................................. 2 Images, sampling and frequency domain processing 31 ................................................................. 2.1 Overview 31 ................................................................. 2.2 Image formation 31 ...................................................... 2.3 The Fourier transform 35 ............................................. 2.4 The sampling criterion 40 ............................................ 2.5 The discrete Fourier transform ( DFT) 45 .................... 2.6 Other properties of the Fourier transform 53 ............... 2.7 Transforms other than Fourier 57 ................................ 2.8 Applications using frequency domain properties 63 .... 2.9 Further reading 65 ....................................................... 2.10 References 65 ........................................................... 3 Basic image processing operations 67 .................... 3.1 Overview 67 ................................................................. 3.2 Histograms 67 ............................................................. 3.3 Point operators 69 ....................................................... 3.4 Group operations 79 .................................................... 3.5 Other statistical operators 88 ....................................... 3.6 Further reading 95 ....................................................... 3.7 References 96 ............................................................. 4 Low- level feature extraction ( including edge detection) 99 ................................................................... 4.1 Overview 99 ................................................................. 4.2 First-order edge detection operators 99 ...................... 4.3 Second- order edge detection operators 120 ................ 4.4 Other edge detection operators 127 .............................. 4.5 Comparison of edge detection operators 129 ............... 4.6 Detecting image curvature 130 ...................................... 4.7 Describing image motion 145 ........................................ 4.8 Further reading 156 ....................................................... 4.9 References 157 ............................................................. 5 Feature extraction by shape matching 161 ................ 5.1 Overview 161 ................................................................. 5.2 Thresholding and subtraction 162 ................................. 5.3 Template matching 164 ................................................. 5.4 Hough transform (HT) 173 ............................................. 5.5 Generalised Hough transform (GHT) 199 ..................... 5.6 Other extensions to the HT 213 ..................................... 5.7 Further reading 214 ....................................................... 5.8 References 214 ............................................................. 6 Flexible shape extraction ( snakes and other techniques) 217 ................................................................ 6.1 Overview 217 ................................................................. 6.2 Deformable templates 218 ............................................ 6.3 Active contours (snakes) 220 ........................................ 6.4 Discrete symmetry operator 236 ................................... 6.5 Flexible shape models 240 ............................................ 6.6 Further reading 243 ....................................................... 6.7 References 243 ............................................................. 7 Object description 247 ................................................. 7.1 Overview 247 ................................................................. 7.2 Boundary descriptions 248 ............................................ 7.3 Region descriptors 278 .................................................. 7.4 Further reading 288 ....................................................... 7.5 References 288 ............................................................. 8 Introduction to texture description, segmentation and classification 291 ............................. 8.1 Overview 291 ................................................................. 8.2 What is texture? 292 ...................................................... 8.3 Texture description 294 ................................................. 8.4 Classification 301 .......................................................... 8.5 Segmentation 306 ......................................................... 8.6 Further reading 307 ....................................................... 8.7 References 308 ............................................................. Appendices 311 ................................................................ 9.1 Appendix 1: Homogeneous co-ordinate system 311 ..... 9.2 Appendix 2: Least squares analysis 314 ....................... 9.3 Appendix 3: Example Mathcad worksheet for Chapter 3 317 ...................................................................... 9.4 Appendix 4: Abbreviated Matlab worksheet 336 ........... Index 345