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首页Z语言 一阶谓词演算为主要理论基础的规约语言
Z语言 一阶谓词演算为主要理论基础的规约语言

Z语言是一种以一阶谓词演算为主要理论基础的规约语言,是一种功能性语言。形式化描述语言Z指的是著名数学家Zermelo,它是目前使用最广泛的一种形式化描述语言,
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Formal Specification and
Documentation using Z:
A Case Study Approach
Jonathan Bowen
Revised 2003

X
UNIX
transputer
DCS
FORMAL
SPECIFICATION
AND
DOCUMENTATION
USING
Z
A
CASE
STUDY
APPROACH Jonathan Bowen

documentation All material that serves primarily to describe a system and make it
more understandable, rather than to contribute in some way to the actual operation
of the system. ...
formal specification 1. A specification written and approved in accordance with
established standards.
2. A specification written in a formal notation, such as VDM or Z.
Z A formal notation based on set algebra and predicate calculus for the specifica-
tion of computing systems. It was developed at the Programming Research Group,
Oxford University. Z specifications have a modular structure. ...
Dictionary of Computing [221]
CICS and IBM are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation.
DEC, VAX and MicroVAX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.
Inmos and Occam are trademarks of SGS-Thomson Microelectronics.
MC68000 is a trademark of Motorola Computer Systems.
POSTSCRIPT is a trademark of Adobe, Inc.
Sun is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
UNIX is a registered trademark in the USA and other countries licensed through
X/Open Company Ltd.
X Window System is a trademark of X Consortium, Inc.

To Jane, Alice and Emma

Contents
Foreword ix
Preface xi
I Introduction 1
1 Formal Specification using Z 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Formal Specification 4
1.3 Case Studies 7
1.4 Conclusions 10
2 Industrial Use of Formal Methods 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Technology Transfer Problems 16
2.3 Industrial-scale Usage 18
2.4 Motivation for Use 20
2.5 Guidelines for Use 22
2.6 Future Developments 26
3 A Brief Introduction to Z 29
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 Predicate Logic 29
3.3 Sets and Relations 31
3.4 Functions and Toolkit Operators 41
3.5 Numbers and Sequences 44
3.6 Schemas 54
3.7 Conclusion 63
II Network Services 65
4 Documentation using Z 67
4.1 Introduction 67
v
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