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内存的故障模型和算法设计

介绍内存的工作模式以及故障失败模式,最后介绍了内存测试的算法 Introduction Off-line RAM testing RAM functional models RAM functional fault models Static faults Dynamic faults Classical RAM test algorithms Test time complexity March test algorithms
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Fault Coverage Analysis of RAM
Fault Coverage Analysis of RAM
Test Algorithms
Test Algorithms
Marc Riedel
Marc Riedel
McGill University, Montreal, Canada
McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Janusz Rajski
Janusz Rajski
Mentor Graphics, Wilsonville, Oregon
Mentor Graphics, Wilsonville, Oregon

RAMFLT
RAMFLT
Outline
Outline
Motivation
Motivation
Fault Models
Fault Models
Methodology and Complexity
Methodology and Complexity
Fault Simulation Results
Fault Simulation Results
Conclusions
Conclusions

RAMFLT
RAMFLT
Motivation
Motivation
Coverage Measures Needed
Coverage Measures Needed
Functional Memory Testing
Functional Memory Testing
A multitude of fault models and test schemes proposed.
A multitude of fault models and test schemes proposed.
Quality of fault coverage difficult to assess.
Quality of fault coverage difficult to assess.
To validate new test schemes for:
To validate new test schemes for:
Embedded memories and BIST designs.
Embedded memories and BIST designs.
Specialized memory architectures (e.g., multiport, FIFO).
Specialized memory architectures (e.g., multiport, FIFO).
To evaluate and rank existing test algorithms:
To evaluate and rank existing test algorithms:
Deterministic/regular tests.
Deterministic/regular tests.
Pseudo-random/irregular tests.
Pseudo-random/irregular tests.

RAMFLT
RAMFLT
Functional Cell Array Model
Functional Cell Array Model
Bit-addressable 2-D array of binary storage elements:
Bit-addressable 2-D array of binary storage elements:
...
...
m
1,1
m
1,2
m
1,c
m
2,2
m
2,1
m
2,c
...
...
m
r,1
m
r,2
m
r,c
...
...
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0, 1: correct
ij m
i , j
{0,1, 0 ,1 ,x}
0 , 1 : faulty
x: unknown
Operations:
Operations:
read, write-0, write-1.
read, write-0, write-1.
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