SCSI Block Commands 4 (SBC-4)：扩展指令集标准

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SCSI Block Commands - 4 (SBC-4) 是一个由美国国家标准技术研究所 (INCITS) 的 T10 技术委员会制定的内部工作草案标准，旨在扩展 SCSI（Small Computer System Interface）指令集，以优化对直接访问块设备的操作。这个标准修订版 12a 最后更新于 2016 年 10 月 19 日，适用于与 SPC-5（SCSI Protocol Command Set）相关章节一起实施。在 SBC-4 中，关键知识点包括： 1. 扩展命令集：标准定义了一系列新的或增强的命令，这些命令允许更高效地执行块设备操作，如读写、数据传输和逻辑块地址处理。这些扩展旨在提高性能、效率和兼容性，特别是对于大数据存储和I/O密集型应用。 2. 直接存取支持：SBC-4 主要关注的是直接存取设备，如硬盘驱动器和固态硬盘，通过这些设备，用户可以直接访问特定的物理块数据，无需像随机访问设备那样逐块寻址。 3. 一致性与兼容性：标准确保了新命令与现有的SCSI规范无缝集成，同时保持向后兼容性，使得现有系统能够平滑升级到SBC-4的功能。 4. 任务组和标准化活动：由于是T10内部工作文档，SBC-4的内容尚在不断修改和完善，主要由T10技术编辑 William Martin 负责。成员可以复制和使用此文档进行标准化工作，但商业或营利性用途的复制必须获得明确许可，并保留所有权利。 5. 版权和使用限制：此文档仅供审查和讨论，非正式发布，未经T10官方批准不能作为最终标准。任何未经授权的商业或营利性复制都是严格禁止的。 SBC-4 是一个正在发展的标准，它通过扩展SCSI命令集，增强了直接访问块设备的性能和功能，是 IT 系统设计者和开发者了解和采用的关键技术参考。对于那些需要利用这些改进的系统架构和驱动程序的工程师来说，理解和掌握 SBC-4 的内容至关重要，以适应不断演进的存储技术和应用需求。

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T10/BSR INCITS 506 Revision 12a 19 October 2016

xvi Working Draft SCSI Block Commands – 4 (SBC-4)

6.4.1.2 Setting and resetting log parameters ........................................................................................ 268

6.4.2 Background Scan log page............................................................................................................. 268

6.4.2.1 Background Scan log page overview ........................................................................................ 268

6.4.2.2 Background Scan Status log parameter.................................................................................... 270

6.4.2.3 Background Scan Results log parameter.................................................................................. 272

6.4.3 Background Operation log page ..................................................................................................... 275

6.4.3.1 Background Operation log page overview ................................................................................ 275

6.4.3.2 Background Operation log parameter ....................................................................................... 276

6.4.4 Format Status log page................................................................................................................... 277

6.4.4.1 Format Status log page overview .............................................................................................. 277

6.4.4.2 Format Data Out log parameter ................................................................................................ 278

6.4.4.3 Grown Defects During Certification log parameter .................................................................... 279

6.4.4.4 Total Blocks Reassigned During Format log parameter............................................................ 280

6.4.4.5 Total New Blocks Reassigned log parameter ........................................................................... 281

6.4.4.6 Power On Minutes Since Format log parameter ....................................................................... 282

6.4.5 Logical Block Provisioning log page ............................................................................................... 283

6.4.5.1 Logical Block Provisioning log page overview........................................................................... 283

6.4.5.2 Available LBA Mapping Resource Count log parameter ........................................................... 285

6.4.5.2.1 Available LBA Mapping Resource Count log parameter overview ...................................... 285

6.4.5.2.2

RESOURCE COUNT field.......................................................................................................... 286

6.4.5.3 Used LBA Mapping Resource Count log parameter ................................................................. 286

6.4.5.4 Available Provisioning Resource Percentage log parameter .................................................... 287

6.4.5.4.1 Available Provisioning Resource Percentage log parameter overview ............................... 287

6.4.5.4.2 resource count field ............................................................................................................. 287

6.4.5.5 De-duplicated LBA Resource Count log parameter .................................................................. 288

6.4.5.6 Compressed LBA Resource Count log parameter .................................................................... 289

6.4.5.7 Total Efficiency LBA Resource Count log parameter ................................................................ 290

6.4.6 LPS Misalignment log page ............................................................................................................ 291

6.4.6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 291

6.4.6.2 LPS Misalignment Count log parameter.................................................................................... 292

6.4.6.3 LPS Misalignment log parameter .............................................................................................. 292

6.4.7 Non-volatile Cache log page........................................................................................................... 293

6.4.7.1 Non-volatile Cache log page overview ...................................................................................... 293

6.4.7.2 Remaining Nonvolatile Time log parameter .............................................................................. 294

6.4.7.3 Maximum Nonvolatile Time log parameter ................................................................................ 295

6.4.8 Pending Defects log page............................................................................................................... 296

6.4.8.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 296

6.4.8.2 Pending Defect Count log parameter ........................................................................................ 297

6.4.8.3 Pending Defect log parameter................................................................................................... 298

6.4.9 Solid State Media log page ............................................................................................................. 299

6.4.9.1 Solid State Media log page overview ........................................................................................ 299

6.4.9.2 Percentage Used Endurance Indicator log parameter .............................................................. 300

6.4.10 Utilization log page........................................................................................................................ 301

6.4.10.1 Utilization log page overview................................................................................................... 301

6.4.10.2 Workload Utilization log parameter ......................................................................................... 302

6.4.10.3 Utilization Usage Rate Based on Date and Time .................................................................... 303

6.5 Mode parameters ................................................................................................................................. 304

6.5.1 Mode pages overview ..................................................................................................................... 304

6.5.2 Mode parameter block descriptors.................................................................................................. 306

6.5.2.1 Mode parameter block descriptors overview............................................................................. 306

6.5.2.2 Short LBA mode parameter block descriptor ............................................................................ 306

6.5.2.3 Long LBA mode parameter block descriptor ............................................................................. 308

6.5.3 Application Tag mode page ............................................................................................................ 309

6.5.3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 309

6.5.3.2 Application tag descriptor .......................................................................................................... 311

6.5.4 Background Control mode page ..................................................................................................... 312

6.5.5 Background Operation Control mode page .................................................................................... 313

19 October 2016 T10/BSR INCITS 506 Revision 12a

Working Draft SCSI Block Commands – 4 (SBC-4) xvii

6.5.6 Caching mode page........................................................................................................................ 315

6.5.7 IO Advice Hints Grouping mode page ............................................................................................ 319

6.5.8 Informational Exceptions Control mode page ................................................................................. 321

6.5.9 Logical Block Provisioning mode page ........................................................................................... 326

6.5.9.1 IntroductionOverview................................................................................................................. 326

6.5.9.2 Threshold descriptor format ...................................................................................................... 327

6.5.10 Read-Write Error Recovery mode page........................................................................................ 328

6.5.11 Verify Error Recovery mode page................................................................................................. 332

6.6 Vital product data (VPD) parameters.................................................................................................... 334

6.6.1 VPD pages overview....................................................................................................................... 334

6.6.2 Block Device Characteristics VPD page ......................................................................................... 335

6.6.3 Block Device Characteristics Extension VPD page ........................................................................ 338

6.6.4 Block Limits VPD page ................................................................................................................... 340

6.6.5 Block Limits Extension VPD page................................................................................................... 343

6.6.6 Logical Block Provisioning VPD page............................................................................................. 345

6.6.7 Referrals VPD page ........................................................................................................................ 348

6.6.8 Third-Party Copy VPD page ........................................................................................................... 349

6.6.8.1 Third-Party Copy VPD page overview....................................................................................... 349

6.6.8.2 Block device third-party copy descriptor type codes ................................................................. 349

6.6.8.3 Block Device ROD Token Limits descriptor .............................................................................. 350

6.6.9 Supported Block Lengths And Protection Types VPD page ........................................................... 351

6.7 Copy manager parameters................................................................................................................... 353

6.8 Logical Block Markup descriptors......................................................................................................... 353

6.8.1 Summary of LBM descriptors.......................................................................................................... 353

6.8.2 LBM descriptor formats and types .................................................................................................. 354

6.8.3 Access patterns LBM descriptors ................................................................................................... 354

6.8.3.1 Access patterns LBM descriptor format .................................................................................... 354

6.8.3.2 Accesses continue during low utilization (acdlu) bit .................................................................. 354

6.8.3.3 write sequentiality field and read sequentiality field .................................................................. 355

6.8.3.4

READ/WRITE FREQUENCY field ..................................................................................................... 355

6.8.3.5 overall frequency field ............................................................................................................... 355

6.8.3.6 subsequent i/o field ................................................................................................................... 356

6.8.3.7 osi proximity field....................................................................................................................... 356

6.8.3.8

IO CLASS field ............................................................................................................................. 357

6.8.3.9 The io class field (see table 283) specifies the type that is associated with this LBM descriptor....

357

6.8.3.10 Access patterns LBM descriptor usage considerations........................................................... 357

Annex A (informative) Numeric order codes ................................................................................................. 358

A.1 Variable length CDBs........................................................................................................................... 358

A.2 Service action CDBs ............................................................................................................................ 359

Annex B (informative) XOR command examples.......................................................................................... 360

B.1 XOR command examples overview ..................................................................................................... 360

B.2 Update write operation ......................................................................................................................... 360

B.3 Regenerate operation .......................................................................................................................... 361

B.4 Rebuild operation ................................................................................................................................. 362

Annex C (informative) CRC example in C..................................................................................................... 364

Annex D (informative) Sense information for locked or encrypted logical units ............................................ 366

Annex E (informative) Optimizing block access characteristics .................................................................... 367

E.1 Optimizing block access overview ....................................................................................................... 367

E.2 Starting logical block offset .................................................................................................................. 367

E.3 Optimal granularity sizes...................................................................................................................... 367

E.4 Optimal stream granularity sizes.......................................................................................................... 367

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E.5 Optimizing transfers ............................................................................................................................. 368

E.5.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................... 368

E.5.2 Optimizing non-stream transfers .................................................................................................... 368

E.5.3 Optimizing stream transfers............................................................................................................ 369

E.6 Examples ............................................................................................................................................. 369

Annex F (informative) Logical block provisioning reporting examples .......................................................... 371

F.1 Logical block provisioning reporting examples overview...................................................................... 371

F.2 Interpreting log parameter counts ........................................................................................................ 371

F.3 Dedicated resource, threshold set tracked example ............................................................................ 373

F.3.1 Dedicated resource, threshold set tracked example overview ....................................................... 373

F.3.2 Dedicated resource, threshold set tracked example configuration ................................................. 373

F.3.3 Dedicated resource, threshold set tracked example sequence ...................................................... 374

F.3.4 Dedicated resource, threshold set tracked example initial conditions ............................................ 375

F.3.5 Operations that occur ..................................................................................................................... 375

F.3.6 Dedicated resource, threshold set tracked example final log page values..................................... 376

F.4 Shared resource, logical block tracked example.................................................................................. 376

F.4.1 Shared resource, logical block tracked example overview ............................................................. 376

F.4.2 Shared resource, logical block tracked example configuration....................................................... 377

F.4.3 Shared resource, logical block tracked example time line.............................................................. 377

F.4.4 Shared resource, logical block tracked example initial conditions.................................................. 378

F.4.5 Operations that occur ..................................................................................................................... 378

F.4.6 Shared resource, logical block tracked example final log page values .......................................... 379

F.5 Shared available, dedicated used, logical block tracked example ....................................................... 380

F.5.1 Shared available, dedicated used, logical block tracked example overview .................................. 380

F.5.2 Shared available, dedicated used, logical block tracked example configuration ............................ 380

F.5.3 Shared available, dedicated used, logical block tracked example time line ................................... 380

F.5.4 Shared available, dedicated used, logical block tracked example initial conditions ....................... 381

F.5.5 Operations that occur ..................................................................................................................... 381

F.5.6 Shared available, dedicated used, example final log page values ................................................. 382

Annex G (informative) Discovering referrals examples................................................................................. 383

G.1 Referrals example with no user data segment multiplier ..................................................................... 383

G.2 Referrals example with non-zero user data segment multiplier........................................................... 385

Annex H (informative) IO Advice Hints Usage .............................................................................................. 387

H.1 IO Advice Hints Overview .................................................................................................................... 387

H.2 IO Advice Hints Grouping mode page ................................................................................................. 387

H.3 Issuing I/O commands ......................................................................................................................... 387

H.3.1 Group numbers and I/O commands ............................................................................................... 387

H.3.2 Possible constraints on IO advice hints.......................................................................................... 387

H.4 Logical Block Markup descriptor usage examples............................................................................... 388

H.4.1 Example usage in tiered storage device implementations ............................................................. 388

H.4.2 Example LBM descriptor values for software that sends read commands and write commands .. 388

Annex I (normative) SBC feature sets........................................................................................................... 391

I.1 SBC Feature sets overview ................................................................................................................... 391

I.2 SBC Base 2010 feature set ................................................................................................................... 391

I.2.1 SBC Base 2010 feature set overview .............................................................................................. 391

I.2.2 SBC Base 2010 feature set commands........................................................................................... 393

I.2.2.1 READ CAPACITY (10) command .............................................................................................. 393

I.2.2.2 SYNCHRONIZE CACHE (10) command ................................................................................... 393

I.2.2.3 WRITE SAME (10) command .................................................................................................... 393

I.3 SBC Base 2016 feature set ................................................................................................................... 393

I.3.1 SBC Base 2016 feature set overview .............................................................................................. 393

I.3.2 SBC Base 2016 feature set model................................................................................................... 395

I.3.3 SBC Base 2016 feature set commands........................................................................................... 395

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Working Draft SCSI Block Commands – 4 (SBC-4) xix

I.3.3.1 FORMAT UNIT command .......................................................................................................... 395

I.3.3.2 READ CAPACITY (16) command .............................................................................................. 396

I.3.3.3 REPORT SUPPORTED OPERATION CODES command ........................................................ 396

I.3.3.4 REPORT SUPPORTED TASK MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS command ................................. 396

I.3.3.5 REQUEST SENSE command .................................................................................................... 396

I.3.3.6 SYNCHRONIZE CACHE (16) command ................................................................................... 396

I.3.3.7 WRITE SAME (16) command .................................................................................................... 397

I.3.4 SBC Base 2016 feature set mode pages......................................................................................... 397

I.3.4.1 Mode parameter block descriptor............................................................................................... 397

I.3.4.2 Caching mode page ................................................................................................................... 397

I.3.4.3 Control mode page..................................................................................................................... 397

I.3.4.4 Informational Exceptions Control mode page ............................................................................ 397

I.3.4.5 Read-Write Error Recovery mode page ..................................................................................... 397

I.3.5 SBC Base 2016 feature set VPD pages .......................................................................................... 398

I.3.5.1 Block Device Characteristics VPD page .................................................................................... 398

I.3.5.2 Block Limits VPD page............................................................................................................... 398

I.3.5.3 Extended INQUIRY Data VPD page .......................................................................................... 398

I.4 Basic Provisioning 2016 feature set ...................................................................................................... 398

I.4.1 Basic Provisioning 2016 feature set overview ................................................................................. 398

I.4.2 SBC Basic Provisioning 2016 feature set model additional requirements ....................................... 399

I.4.3 Basic Provisioning 2016 feature set commands .............................................................................. 399

I.4.3.1 GET LBA STATUS command .................................................................................................... 399

I.4.3.2 READ CAPACITY (16) command .............................................................................................. 399

I.4.3.3 WRITE SAME (16) command .................................................................................................... 399

I.4.4 SBC Basic Provisioning 2016 feature set VPD pages ..................................................................... 400

I.4.4.1 Block Limits VPD page............................................................................................................... 400

I.4.4.2 Logical Block Provisioning VPD page ........................................................................................ 400

I.5 Drive Maintenance 2016 feature set...................................................................................................... 400

I.5.1 Drive Maintenance 2016 feature set overview................................................................................. 400

I.5.2 Drive Maintenance 2016 feature set commands ............................................................................. 401

I.5.2.1 READ BUFFER (10) command.................................................................................................. 401

I.5.2.2 READ DEFECT DATA (12) command ....................................................................................... 402

I.5.2.3 REASSIGN BLOCKS command ................................................................................................ 402

I.5.2.4 SANITIZE command .................................................................................................................. 402

I.5.2.5 SEND DIAGNOSTIC command ................................................................................................. 402

I.5.2.6 WRITE BUFFER command........................................................................................................ 402

I.5.3 Drive Maintenance 2016 feature set VPD pages............................................................................. 403

I.5.3.1 Block Device characteristics VPD page ..................................................................................... 403

I.5.4 Drive Maintenance 2016 feature set log pages ............................................................................... 403

I.5.4.1 Background Scan Results log page ........................................................................................... 403

I.5.4.2 Read Error Counters log page ................................................................................................... 403

I.5.4.3 Start-Stop Cycle Counter log page............................................................................................. 403

I.5.4.4 Temperature log page ................................................................................................................ 403

Annex J (informative) Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 404

T10/BSR INCITS 506 Revision 12a 19 October 2016

xx Working Draft SCSI Block Commands – 4 (SBC-4)

Tables

Page

Table 1 — Direct access block device type mode topics and references ........................................................ 2

Table 2 — Numbering convention examples ................................................................................................. 15

Table 3 — Comparison of decimal prefixes and binary prefixes .................................................................... 16

Table 4 — Direct access block device type model topics .............................................................................. 17

Table 5 — Logical block provisioning states supported by logical block provisioning type ............................ 26

Table 6 — WRITE SAME command and unmap operations ......................................................................... 29

Table 7 — Threshold resource value, threshold type value, and threshold arming value for logical block

provisioning thresholds ............................................................................................................................... 32

Table 8 — Threshold resource value, threshold type value, and threshold arming value for logical block

provisioning percentages ........................................................................................................................... 33

Table 9 — Logical block data returned by a read operation from a mapped LBA ......................................... 37

Table 10 — Logical block data returned by a read operation from an unmapped LBA ................................. 38

Table 11 — Defect lists (i.e., PLIST and GLIST) ........................................................................................... 46

Table 12 — Address descriptor formats ......................................................................................................... 47

Table 13 — SBC-4 commands that are allowed in the presence of various reservations ............................. 52

Table 14 — Example error conditions ............................................................................................................ 55

Table 15 — Sense data field usage for direct access block devices ............................................................. 56

Table 16 — Block commands sense data descriptor format .......................................................................... 57

Table 17 — User data segment referral sense data descriptor format .......................................................... 58

Table 18 — User data segment referral descriptor format ............................................................................. 59

Table 19 — Target port group descriptor ....................................................................................................... 60

Table 20 — Direct access block device sense data descriptor format ........................................................... 61

Table 21 — Summary of states in the SSU_PC state machine ..................................................................... 68

Table 22 — Logical block data format with a single protection information interval ....................................... 82

Table 23 — An example of the logical block data for a logical block with more than one protection

information interval ..................................................................................................................................... 83

Table 24 — Content of the first

LOGICAL BLOCK REFERENCE TAG field ............................................................. 85

Table 25 — Content of subsequent

LOGICAL BLOCK REFERENCE TAG fields for a logical block in the Data-In

Buffer and/or Data-Out Buffer .................................................................................................................... 85

Table 26 — CRC polynomials ........................................................................................................................ 86

Table 27 — CRC test cases ........................................................................................................................... 87

Table 28 — Associations between commands and CbCS permissions ........................................................ 94

Table 29 — Commands that require uninterrupted sequences ..................................................................... 96

Table 30 — Performing an ORWRITE set operation ................................................................................... 101

Table 31 — ROD token type values ............................................................................................................. 104

Table 32 — Block device zero ROD token format ....................................................................................... 104

Table 33 — Performing atomic operations with overlapping LBAs during current operations ..................... 107

Table 34 — Transfer limits for commands ................................................................................................... 116

Table 35 — Commands for direct access block devices ............................................................................. 120

Table 36 — BACKGROUND CONTROL command .................................................................................... 124

Table 37 —

BO_CTL field .............................................................................................................................. 125

Table 38 — COMPARE AND WRITE command ......................................................................................... 126

Table 39 — FORMAT UNIT command ........................................................................................................ 127

Table 40 — FORMAT UNIT command address descriptor support requirements ....................................... 128

Table 41 —

FFMT field description ................................................................................................................ 129

Table 42 — FORMAT UNIT parameter list .................................................................................................. 129

Table 43 — Short parameter list header ...................................................................................................... 130

Table 44 — Long parameter list header ....................................................................................................... 130

Table 45 —

FMTPINFO field and PROTECTION FIELD USAGE field ..................................................................... 131

Table 46 — Initialization pattern descriptor .................................................................................................. 134

Table 47 —

INITIALIZATION PATTERN TYPE field .............................................................................................. 135

Table 48 — GET LBA STATUS command .................................................................................................. 136

Table 49 —

REPORT TYPE field ..................................................................................................................... 137

Table 50 — GET LBA STATUS parameter data .......................................................................................... 137

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