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IP基础设施成为广播音频和视频技术中越来越重要的一部分。 如今,比特率上升,设备价格下降,IP传输技术的使用正在推动传统的通信和传输系统。 但是,要在广播中使用IP网络,特别是对于实时视频应用,新技术需要与传统SDI接口的所有优势相匹配:可靠的无压缩信号流,低延迟和非专有技术的使用。 只有在不失去当前基于SDI的系统的优势和用户体验的情况下,采用基于IP的技术才有可能带来许多重大的好处; 特别是在熟悉的工作流程,操作实践和互操作性方面。
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57
th
International Symposium ELMAR-2015, 28-30 September 2015, Zadar, Croatia
Audio and Video over IP Technology
Hiroshi Yamauchi
1
, Alen Luštica
2
1
New Technology & Business Development Europe, Sony Europe Limited
2
Audio Video Consulting d.o.o., 10250 Luko-Zagreb, Hrastovika 62, Croatia
Hiroshi.Yamauchi@eu.sony.com, alen.lustica@avc.hr
Abstract – Due to the pocket structure of IP (Internet Protocol)
infrastructure, it was difficult to use it in Broadcast applications
where high bandwidth for large amount of data is needed.
Greater chance of IP pocket loss compared to SDI signal failure
and latency were biggest chall enges f or engineers to design
equipment that will use IP infrastructure for transport and
processing of Audio and Video content with ancillary data. With
adopted SMPTE 2022 and 2059 series of standards, equipment
manufacturers get the base to develop equipment that wil l use IP
infrastructu re even for the most critical live Broadcast
applications. This paper shows details of SMPTE 2022 series of
standards that is important for high performance video traffic
over IP networks and recently adopted SMPTE 2059 standards
that are solving the synchronisation problem and integration
with existing SD I-based systems. When synchronisation problem
has been solved, it was much easier to i mplement features like
clean video swit ching over IP.
Keywords – IP; Compression; Synchronization; Clean Switching
I. INTRODUCTION
IP infrastructure becomes more and more important part of
the broadcast audio and video technology. Nowadays, bit-rates
increase and prices of equipment drop and use of IP transport
technology is pushing out traditional communication and
transport systems. New technologies allow broadcasters to start
migration towards IP networks for video transport and use it in
contribution but also in live production applications. Internet
Protocol (IP) is a term used for any application or software
program that is developed using a set of computing standards
which allows data to be transferred over the Internet. In
technical terms, the data is communicated over the Internet via
a packet-switched internet work using the Internet Protocol
Suite, also referred to as TCP/IP. But, to use IP network in
broadcast, especially for live video applications, new
technology needs to match all benefits of traditional SDI
interface: reliable uncompressed signal flow, low latency and
use of non-proprietary technologies. It is worth emphasizing
that the adoption of IP-based technologies has the potential to
bring about a number of significant benefits only if it does not
lose the advantages and user experience of current SDI-based
systems; in particular, in terms of familiar workflow,
operational practice and interoperability.
The benefits of using AV over IP technology are wide
ranging. AV video over IP interface integrates video, audio and
control signals and the existing file based systems for
transmission over and IP network. This concept provides
number of significant benefits to the end user:
- one type of cable is used instead of compley wiring
required for installation of multiple transmission
systems,
- end user is able to use standard IT products available
in the market at reasonable price,
- total cost of the system is reduced by reducing size
and weight, device cost, number of cables and
management overhead,
- easier use of services and resources splitted over
different locations,
- format agnostic.
In order to use all the benefits of AV over IP technology,
the most important task was to standardize protocols for
different type of applications and thus enable full
interoperability of products from different manufacturers in the
same network operation. In Section II and III we listed SMPTE
standards that are the most important for developing AV over
IP technology. Actually, most of the standards came out from
the industry as a result of research, work and tests from
different manufactures. Sections IV and V are related to more
practical implementation of AV over IP technology in live
Broadcast applications.
II. SMPTE
2022 STANDARD
The broadcast industry is looking for ways to reduce video
transport costs while maintaining video reliability and
improving scalability. SMPTE 2022 standards define an
interoperable method of connecting high-definition (HD) video
over 10 Gbit Ethernet (10GbE) while ensuring that the video
quality and the integrity of the packets remain intact. Video
packets loss can be caused by thermal noise to storage system
defects and transmission noise introduced by the environment.
By including forward error correction (FEC) in the SMPTE
2022 design, it is possible to minimize packet loss and ensure
recovery and low-latency video streams without retransmission,
thereby providing a video reconstructed at the receiver that
looks clean and jitter free. First introduced in 2007, the
development and release of SMPTE 2022 standards ensured
vendor compatibility between edge products (e.g. video
transport hardware) and core network products (e.g. Ethernet
switchers and routers) creating an open environment that
increased competition, decreased the price of technology and
maximised the reliability of IP-based video transport solutions.
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