基于单片机的温湿度检测系统硬件设计

温湿度检测

硬件系统设计

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基于单片机的温湿度检测系统硬件设计

摘要

随着人们的生活及其生产水平的不断提高，对生活环境和生产环境的要求就显的

尤为重要,温湿度的控制就是一个典型的例子，因此温湿度检测系统就是现代生产生活

中应运而生的一种智能、快捷、方便可靠的检测系统，特别是在工业生产中如果检测

得不准确就会发生许多的生产事故。如化工生产中对温度的检测不当就会导致生产效

率的降低和产品质量的下降。而现在所使用的温湿度检测系统通常都是精度为 1℃或

0.1℃的水银、煤油或酒精温度计进行的温度检测和用传统的物理模拟量的方法进行的

湿度检测。这些温湿度检测计的刻度间隔通常都很密，不容易准确分辨，读数困难，

而且他们的热容量还比较大，达到热平衡所需的时间较长，因此很难读准，并且使用

非常不方便。

要为现代人工作、科研、生活提供更好的更方便的设施就需要从单片机技术入手，

一切向着数字化控制，智能化控制方向发展。本设计是以单片机（AT89S52）为核心，

配合温度传感器（DS18B20）和湿度传感器(HIH-3610)，以及相关的外围电路组成的检

测系统，可以接收所测环境的温度和湿度信号，检测人员可以通过数码管显示的数据，

实时监控环境的温度和湿度情况。所有的测量操作都可以通过主机控制软件来实现，

温度和湿度传感器得到的测量信号，经电路转换为电信号，然后湿度通过光电耦合送

到单片机进行数据处理，经软件分析处理后送显示装置。

本系统是硬件设计,可靠性高，结构简单，实现了对温湿度的自动调节。系统还应

用 RS232 与上位机相连接，可以设置自动记录温度、湿度的相关的参数，也可以设置

每隔一定的时间自动记录，可用在气象的观察方面。

关键词：AT89S52 单片机，温度传感器，湿度传感器，LED 显示

Design of Temperature and Humidity Detection Hardware

System Based on Microproccessor

ABSTRACT

As people's living and production levels continue to improve,

Living environment and

production environment for the requirements of most importance to people.

Temperature and

humidity control is a typical example, the temperature and humidity detection system came

into being of modern production and life of a smart, fast, convenient and reliable detection

systems, particularly in the industrial production will occur if the test was not precise Many

industrial accidents.

Such as chemical production in the detection of improper temperature can

cause reduced productivity and product quality decline. And now the temperature and

humidity detection system used is usually an accuracy of 0.1

℃

or 1

℃

mercury, kerosene or

alcohol thermometer for temperature measurement and the use of traditional methods of

physical analog humidity testing. The total scale of temperature and humidity testing is

usually very close intervals, not easy to accurately distinguish, reading difficulties, and their

relatively large heat capacity, the time required to reach thermal equilibrium longer, making it

difficult to read accurate, and very inconvenient to use.

Work for modern, scientific research and to provide better and more convenient facilities

need to start from a single chip technology, all toward the digital control, intelligent control

direction. The design is based on microcontroller (AT89S52) as the core, with the temperature

sensor (DS18B20) and the humidity sensor (HIH-3610), and related peripheral circuits of the

detection system, can receive the measured signal is temperature and humidity environment,

inspectors can through the digital display of data, real-time monitoring the environment

temperature and humidity conditions. All of the measurement operation can be achieved by

the host control software, temperature and humidity sensors are measuring the signal, the

circuit is converted to electrical signals, then amplified by a certain chip converter to the

microcontroller for data processing, the software analysis display device processing

evacuation.

The system includes hardware and software design, high reliability, simple structure to

realize the automatic adjustment of temperature and humidity. Application RS232 system also

is connected with the host computer, you can set up automatic recording of temperature,

humidity related parameters can also be set automatically records the time intervals can be

used in terms of meteorological observation.

目
 
录
摘 要..........................................................................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................................II
1 绪论........................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 课题的研究背景.............................................................................................................................................1
1.2 温湿度传感器技术的现状及发展趋势.........................................................................................................1
1.3 本课程设计的主要内容.................................................................................................................................3
1.4 本论文结构.....................................................................................................................................................4
2 系统总体方案设计................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 系统功能的设计.............................................................................................................................................5
2.2 系统设计原则.................................................................................................................................................5
2.3 系统总方案的选定.........................................................................................................................................6
2.3.1 
主控制器方案的选型
..............................................................................................................................6
2.4 系统组成框图...............................................................................................................................................10
3 系统的工作原理..................................................................................................................................................11
3.1 传感器的基本特性.......................................................................................................................................11
3.1.1 
传感器的静态特性
................................................................................................................................11
3.1.2 
传感器的动态特性
................................................................................................................................11
3.2 温度传感器...................................................................................................................................................11
3.2.1 DS18B20
的测温原理
...........................................................................................................................12
3.3 湿度传感器...................................................................................................................................................15
3.3.1 
主要特性
................................................................................................................................................15
3.4 单片机 AT89S52...........................................................................................................................................17
3.5 RS-232-C 接口..............................................................................................................................................20
3.6 数码管的显示...............................................................................................................................................21
4 系统的硬件设计和连接......................................................................................................................................22
4.1 主控模块.......................................................................................................................................................22
4.2 显示模块.......................................................................................................................................................22
4.3 光电耦合.......................................................................................................................................................23
4.4 温度和湿度采集模块...................................................................................................................................23
4.4.1 DS18B20
温度传感器与单片机的连接
...............................................................................................23
4.4.2 
湿度信号采集的设计
............................................................................................................................23
4.5 输出驱动的设计...........................................................................................................................................24
4.6 与上位机相连电路的设计...........................................................................................................................25
IV