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首页Wind River Hypervisor介绍
Wind River管理程序是Wind River综合嵌入式软件解决方案的构建模块之一。它是一个嵌入式管理程序,提供 一种虚拟化层,它将单个或多核芯片划分为多个分区,并具有不同级别的保护和功能。虚拟化和多核的有效采用和优化将是下一代嵌入式设备竞争市场中的关键区别因素。Wind River提供了一个具有广泛性和灵活性的综合解决方案,为多核和虚拟化应用提供了一条未来验证之路。
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Wind River Hypervisor is one of the
building blocks of Wind River’s compre-
hensive embedded software solutions. It
is an embedded hypervisor that provides
a virtualization layer that partitions a
single or multi-core chip into multiple
partitions with varying levels of protec-
tion and capabilities. The effective
adoption and optimization of virtualiza-
tion and multi-core will be key differenti-
ating factors in the competitive market-
place for next-generation embedded
devices. Wind River provides a compre-
hensive solution with the breadth and
flexibility to provide a future-proof path
on the way to multi-core and virtualiza-
tion adoption.
Virtualization is used in information
technology (IT) and enterprises to deliver
higher CPU utilization rates by consoli-
dating many individual systems onto a
single compute platform. This delivers
significant benefit from a management
and cost perspective, especially with the
increases in compute capacity delivered
in multi-core processors.
Virtualization is rapidly making its way
into embedded systems as well, as
increasingly more powerful single and
multi-core processors continue to gain
popularity. Virtualization for embedded
devices provides new opportunities for
companies building next-generation
products using single and multi-core
devices. Device makers can utilize
virtualization to consolidate their systems
by replacing multiple boards or CPUs
with a single board or a single CPU. They
can use multiple operating systems (such
as a real-time operating system and a
general purpose operating system)
cooperatively to provide innovative
device functionality and adopt multi-core
processors with improved scalability and
reliability.
Adopting and optimizing virtualization
and multi-core in the embedded industry
requires a wide array of technologies and
skills. It requires the virtualization
technology itself (the hypervisor),
operating systems, support for varying
processor architectures and boards,
debugging and analysis tools, and test
capabilities. These technologies need to
be integrated, easy to use, and support-
ed by a group of embedded experts in
your geographical region who are ready
to assist customers.
Wind River Hypervisor is deterministic,
event-driven, small, and scalable,
provides direct access to devices, and is
processor, architecture, and OS agnostic.
It is a Type 1 hypervisor that runs directly
on the hardware, with a small memory
footprint. It is custom developed with
the demands of real-time and safety
systems in mind.
Multi-core Software Configurations
Until recently, configuring embedded
systems was relatively simple: The
processor had a single core that hosted a
single operating system. Depending on
the product requirements, a general-
purpose or real-time operating system
was chosen. If both were needed, the
design would have to accommodate the
two processors.
Wind River Hypervisor
Table of Contents
Multi-core Software Configurations ....1
Use Cases ............................................3
Consolidation .................................3
Performance and Functionality ......3
Networking Example .....................3
Industrial Example ..........................4
Migration ........................................4
Features ...............................................5
Virtual Board ..................................5
Guest Operating System ................5
Unmodified Operating Systems ..... 6
Bare-Metal Executives....................6
Hardware Assist and
Paravirtualization ............................6
Flexible Configuration ....................6
Graphical Configuration ................. 7
Device Model .................................7
Multi-OS Inter-process
Communication ..............................8
Layer 2 Ethernet Switch .................8
Architectural Design ............................ 8
Deterministic .................................. 8
Event Driven ...................................8
Minimal Footprint ..........................8
Scalable .......................................... 8
Direct Access to Devices ................9
OS Agnostic ...................................9
Development Tools ..............................9
Build and Debug ............................9
JTAG On-Chip Debugging ............. 9
Integration ...........................................9
The Larger Picture ............................... 9
Professional Services .........................10
Installation and Orientation
Services ........................................10
Embedded Development Kits ...........10
Education Services ............................10
Public Courses ..............................10
Onsite Education..........................11
Support Services ...............................11
2 | Wind River Hypervisor
Today’s powerful single and multi-core
processors can be used in many different
configurations.
A multi-core processor can be managed
by a single symmetric multiprocessing
(SMP) operating system that manages all
the cores. Alternatively each core can be
given to a separate operating system in
an asymmetric multiprocessing configu-
ration (AMP). Both SMP and AMP have
their challenges and advantages. SMP
does not always scale well, depending
on workload; and AMP can be difficult to
configure in regard to which operating
system gets access to which shared
system device.
The usage of virtualization in the form of
a hypervisor enables a wide variety of
configurations including mixes of AMP,
SMP, and core virtualization. The
hypervisor manages the hardware and
creates partitions in which operating
systems execute. Each partition is given
access to resources (processing cores,
memory, devices) as specified by the
development team. Each partition can
hold an operating system (also known as
the guest OS) and is protected from the
other partitions. The hypervisor can
execute a single partition on a single
core, a single partition across multiple
cores, or multiple partitions on a single
core.
The combination of SMP, AMP, and core
virtualization provides unprecedented
opportunities for device developers to
innovate and manufacturers to deliver
differentiated products.
Core
Hypervisor
OS
OS
Core Virtualization
Core
OS
“Traditional”
Single Core
Supervisor
OS
OS
Supervised AMP (sAMP)
Multi-core
Unsupervised AMP
Core 1
OS
SMP
Core 2
Core 1 Core 2
OS
OS
Core 1 Core 2
Figure 1: Primary multi-core configurations
OS 2
App 2
Multiprocessor Product
Processor 2
OS 1
App 1
Processor 1
OS 2
App 2
Multi-core Product
OS 1
App 1
Wind River Hypervisor
Single or Multi-core
Figure 2: Consolidation of multiple single cores to a single multi-core
OS 3
App 2
Run-Time Platform
OS 2
App 1
Wind River Hypervisor
OS 1
Control App
Core nCore 2
Core 1
Core 0
Multi-core Processor (4, 8, 16+ Cores)
Figure 3: Scalability to high core counts
3 | Wind River Hypervisor
Use Cases
Embedded virtualization provides new
and exciting capabilities to developers
and equipment manufacturers. The
following are some use cases that are
enabled when employing an embedded
hypervisor.
Consolidation
Many current systems use multiple
processors, either on the same compute
board or on multiple boards in a rack.
The rationale for using multiple proces-
sors includes performance demands and
the need for separation between
different types of functionality (real-time
and general purpose, safety, security,
etc.).
Embedded virtualization can be used to
maintain necessary separation, whether
on a single or multi-core processor,
allowing the previously separate and
disparate functions to be consolidated
onto a single compute platform.
Multi-core processors offer increases in
compute performance with lowered
power consumption, allowing for this
consolidation while maintaining—or
increasing—the compute performance
available for the individual functions.
The benefits of such consolidation
include reducing the bill of materials
(cost of goods sold) and reducing the
amount of power used (operating costs).
Each of the operating systems executing
on a separate compute platform on the
original system can be migrated onto a
separate partition on the multi-core
processor with embedded virtualization.
The embedded hypervisor enforces the
partitioning that provides separation and
fault containment. Figure 4 shows an
example of a migration from a multipro-
cessor system to a multi-core processor
on a single board.
Performance and Functionality
Typically, systems that require scalable
performance increases meet that
requirement by adding incremental
compute platforms to the entire solution;
by adding compute or data processing
boards within a rack that comprises the
equipment, current product designs can
realize increases in processing growth.
This approach is very inefficient in many
aspects. The hardware necessary to
increase the compute power is expen-
sive, draws a lot of power, and requires a
lot of physical space. Among this
hardware there are a lot of replicated
components such as power supplies and
other ancillary silicon that are not directly
adding to the increase in performance
but increase costs, power, and required
space.
Networking Example
Embedded virtualization offers equip-
ment vendors the opportunity to meet
scalable performance requirements with
significant savings in hardware costs,
size, weight, and power consumption as
well as significant increases in time-to-
market for deployment of the services.
By migrating existing designs to
multi-core CPUs and consolidating the
separate compute functions into
partitions enforced by an embedded
hypervisor, the total number of physical
boards, or physical CPUs, can be
significantly reduced.
Wind River’s embedded hypervisor
supports the real-time requirements
necessary for many high-performance
processing engines, while providing a
platform by which equipment manufac-
turers can achieve the performance gains
offered by multi-core CPUs.
With the ability to dynamically deploy
new instances of data processing
engines through software commands—
during the run-time of the equipment—
the time-to-market for service delivery
collapses to administrative provisioning
scale. There is no need to deploy a truck
and technician to insert new processing
cards in an equipment rack located
remotely; the commands can be
provisioned at the central management
and operations center. This is shown in
Figure 5.
Core
OS
App 4
Core
OS
App 3
Core
OS
App 2
Multiple Single-Processor Boards
Core
OS
App 1
Core
OS
App 1
Wind River Hypervisor
Core
OS
App 2
Core
OS
App 3
Core
OS
App 4
Single-Board Multi-core Processor
Figure 4: Reduce component costs by consolidating multiple single-processor boards onto a single
multi-core CPU
Wind River
Linux
Control
Plane
Wind River Hypervisor
Wind River
VxWorks
Data
Plane
Wind River
VxWorks
Data
Plane
Core 0
W
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Wind River
VxWorks
Data
Plane
Win
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D
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Win
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ks
Data
Pla
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e
Core 1 Core 2
Core 3 Core N
Multi-core Processor (4, 8, 16+ Cores)
Scalable Processing Growth
Adding CPU Cores
Figure 5: Achieve scalable performance growth to meet scaling performance demands
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