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Oracle Database 12c Performance Tuning Recipes

Oracle Database 12c Performance Tuning Recipes is a ready reference for database administrators in need of immediate help with performance issues relating to Oracle Database. The book takes an example-based approach, wherein each chapter covers a specific problem domain. Within each chapter are "recipes," showing by example how to perform common tasks in that chapter's domain. Solutions in the recipes are backed by clear explanations of background and theory from the author team. Whatever the task, if it's performance-related, you'll probably find a recipe and a solution in this book.
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Alapati
Kuhn
Padfield
Shelve in
Databases/Oracle
User level:
Intermediate–Advanced
www.apress.com
SOURCE CODE ONLINE
RELATED
BOOKS FOR PROFESSIONALS BY PROFESSIONALS
®
Oracle Database 12c
Performance Tuning Recipes
Performance problems are rarely “problems” per se. They are more often “crises” during
which you’re pressured for results by a manager standing outside your cubicle while
your phone rings with queries from the help desk. You won’t have the time for a leisurely
perusal of the manuals, nor to lean back and read a book on theory. What you need in
that situation is a book of solutions, and solutions are precisely what Oracle Database
12c Performance Tuning Recipes delivers.
Oracle Database 12c Performance Tuning Recipes is a ready reference for database
administrators in need of immediate help with performance issues relating to Oracle Database.
The book takes an example-based approach, wherein each chapter covers a specific problem
domain. Within each chapter are “recipes,” showing by example how to perform common tasks
in that chapter’s domain. Solutions in the recipes are backed by clear explanations of background
and theory from the author team. Whatever the task, if it’s performance-related, you’ll probably
find a recipe and a solution in this book.
• Provides proven solutions to real-life Oracle performance problems
• Offers relevant background and theory to support each solution
• Gets straight to the point for when you’re under pressure for results
What You’ll Learn:
• Optimize the use of memory and storage
• Monitor performance and troubleshoot problems
• Identify and improve poorly-performing SQL statements
• Adjust the most important optimizer parameters to your advantage
• Create indexes that get used and make a positive impact upon performance
• Automate and stabilize using key features such as SQL Tuning Advisor and
SQL Plan Baselines
2618727814309
ISBN 978–1–4302–6187–2
55999
www.it-ebooks.info

v
Contents at a Glance
About the Authors �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xlv
About the Technical Reviewers ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xlvii
Acknowledgments ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ xlix
Introduction ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������li
Chapter 1: Optimizing Table Performance ■ �������������������������������������������������������������������������1
Chapter 2: Choosing and Optimizing Indexes ■ ������������������������������������������������������������������51
Chapter 3: Optimizing Instance Memory ■ �������������������������������������������������������������������������95
Chapter 4: Monitoring System Performance ■ �����������������������������������������������������������������125
Chapter 5: Minimizing System Contention ■ ��������������������������������������������������������������������157
Chapter 6: Analyzing Operating System Performance ■ ��������������������������������������������������193
Chapter 7: Troubleshooting the Database ■ ����������������������������������������������������������������������217
Chapter 8: Creating Efficient SQL ■ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������259
Chapter 9: Manually Tuning SQL ■ ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������307
Chapter 10: Tracing SQL Execution ■ ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������335
Chapter 11: Automated SQL Tuning ■ �������������������������������������������������������������������������������375
Chapter 12: Execution Plan Optimization and Consistency ■ �������������������������������������������415
Chapter 13: Configuring the Optimizer ■ ��������������������������������������������������������������������������457
Chapter 14: Implementing Query Hints ■ �������������������������������������������������������������������������501
Chapter 15: Executing SQL in Parallel ■ ���������������������������������������������������������������������������537
Index ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������569
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li
Introduction
Oracle Database 12c Performance Tuning Recipes is a book of solutions—a crib sheet of sorts. Database performance
problems often rear themselves suddenly, and with that suddenness comes great pressure from management and
users to somehow work magic and get response time back under control. Everyone is in a panic. Everyone is upset
(except idealy you!). Such is no time for a leisurely read of a book. is book is written with that pressure in mind. It is
chock-full of prewritten queries and other solutions that you can immediately apply and get results.
Of course, you should not wait until the last minute. Take the time now when you’re not in crisis mode to get
familiar with the content in this book. Try the solutions for monitoring and analyzing. See what you can learn about
your current database performance levels. en take action to set some benchmarks and work on improvements so as
to become practiced for when a crisis eventually hits. Or better yet, maybe you can avoid a crisis altogether.
Who This Book Is For
Oracle Database 12c Performance Tuning Recipes was written primarily for database administrators who manage
Oracle Database environments. e book is especially useful to those administrators involved in tackling performance
optimization problems. Serious SQL developers will also nd the book useful, especially the chapters on aspects of SQL.
How This Book Is Structured
Solutions in this book are grouped into categories by chapter. Each chapter is composed of a number of recipes
relating to the chapter’s topic. Each recipe takes the following form:
Problem: A succinct description of the problem solved by the recipe
Solution: A terse and to-the-point presentation of queries and commands to execute in
order to accomplish the task described in the recipe’s problem statement
How It Works: A longer discourse on the solution and how and why it works, for those who
are interested in a deeper understanding of the material
e book’s structure allows you to open it to a chapter relating to a problem you are trying to solve. en nd a
recipe in the chapter that solves the problem or that can be adapted to solve the problem. Read the solution. Read the
“How It Works” description to fully understand the solution. en apply the solution to your real-world problem.
Downloading the Code
e authors have made a zip le available with the queries and scripts from the recipe solutions. To download the
zip le, rst visit the book’s catalog page on the Apress.com web site. e URL is as follows:
http://www.apress.com/9781430261872
en scroll down the page and look for a tabbed section. Click the Source Code/Downloads tab, and download
the zip le of examples using the provided link.
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1
Chapter 1
Optimizing Table Performance
This chapter details database features that impact the performance of storing and retrieving data within a table.
Table performance is partially determined by database characteristics implemented prior to creating tables.
For example, the physical storage features implemented when first creating a database and associated tablespaces
subsequently influence the performance of tables. Similarly, performance is also impacted by your choice of initial
physical features such as table types and data types. Therefore implementing practical database, tablespace, and table
creation standards (with performance in mind) forms the foundation for optimizing data availability and scalability.
An Oracle database is comprised of the physical structures used to store, manage, secure, and retrieve data.
When first building a database, there are several performance-related features that you can implement at the time of
database creation. For example, the initial layout of the datafiles and the type of tablespace management are specified
upon creation. Architectural decisions taken at this point often have long-lasting implications.
Tip ■ An Oracle instance is defined to be the memory structures and background processes. Whereas an Oracle database
consists of physical files—namely, data files, control files, and online redo log files.
As depicted in Figure 1-1, a tablespace is the logical structure that allows you to manage a group of datafiles.
Datafiles are the physical datafiles on disk. When configuring tablespaces, there are several features to be aware of
that can have far-reaching performance implications, namely locally managed tablespaces and automatic segment
storage managed (ASSM) tablespaces. When you reasonably implement these features, you maximize your ability to
obtain acceptable future table performance.
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