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QAC UsersGuide 用户使用手册
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This document describes functionality and GUI of the QA·C Source Code Analyzer application for Windows. QA·C 8.1 SOURCE CODE ANALYZER USER GUIDE FOR WINDOWS
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© 2012 Programming Research Ltd
QA·C 8.1 SOURCE CODE ANALYZER
USER GUIDE FOR WINDOWS
July 2012
This document describes functionality and GUI of the QA·C Source Code Analyzer
application for Windows.
© 2012 Programming Research Ltd
2
IMPORTANT NOTICE
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
The staff of Programming Research Ltd have taken due care in preparing this document which is
believed to be accurate at the time of printing. However, no liability can be accepted for errors or
omissions nor should this document be considered as an expressed or implied warranty that the
products described perform as specified within.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
This document is copyrighted and may not, in whole or in part, be copied, reproduced, disclosed,
transferred, translated, or reduced to any form, including electronic medium or machine-readable form,
or transmitted by any means, electronic or otherwise, unless Programming Research Ltd consents in
writing in advance.
TRADEMARKS
PRQA, the PRQA logo, and QA·C are registered trademarks of Programming Research Ltd. Windows
is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
CONTACTING PROGRAMMING RESEARCH LTD
For technical support, contact your nearest Programming Research Ltd authorized distributor or you
can contact Programming Research's head office:
by telephone on +44 (0) 1 932 888 080
by fax on +44 (0) 1 932 888 081
or by e-mail on support@programmingresearch.com
www.programmingresearch.com
© 2012 Programming Research Ltd
3
Table of Contents
IMPORTANT NOTICE ............................................................................................................................................ 2
CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
INTRODUCTION TO QA·C ........................................................................................................................... 12
QA·C ACTION OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 14
PROJECTS ................................................................................................................................................ 14
Opening a QA•C 8.0 Project .......................................................................................................................... 14
Upgrading an 8.0 Project ............................................................................................................................... 14
Using an old Project Configuration File ......................................................................................................... 14
Creating a Project Automatically ................................................................................................................... 15
Creating a Project Manually .......................................................................................................................... 15
Reopening Projects ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Project Folders .............................................................................................................................................. 16
Making File Selections ................................................................................................................................... 17
Relative Path and Environment Variable Support ......................................................................................... 17
Root Path ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
GUI-based Environment Variable Creation ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Applying Relative Paths and Environment Variables ...................................................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
CONFIGURING QA·C ................................................................................................................................. 21
Configuring Your Compiler Personality ......................................................................................................... 21
Setting System Header Files ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
Setting System Macros ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Setting Implementation Defined Types .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Compiler Extensions ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Standard Extensions ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Redefinition of Extended Data Types ............................................................................................................................................. 23
Operators ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Additional Include Files................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Identifiers ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Configuring Your Analyser Personality .......................................................................................................... 24
Project Header Files ........................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Project Macros ............................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Brace Style and Tab Spacing ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
© 2012 Programming Research Ltd
4
Warning Calls .................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Pragma Blocks ................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
K&R Compatibility .......................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Configuring Your Message Personality ......................................................................................................... 26
Choosing a Message Subset ........................................................................................................................................................... 26
Standard Message File .................................................................................................................................. 27
Level 0: Information ....................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Level 1: Obsolete Messages ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
Level 2: Minor ................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Level 3: Major ................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Level 4: Local Standards ................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Level 5: Dataflow Analysis .............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Level 6: Portability .......................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Level 7: Undefined Behavior ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Level 8: Language Constraints ........................................................................................................................................................ 29
Level 9: Errors ................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Message Suppression ................................................................................................................................... 29
Code-based Suppression Syntax ..................................................................................................................................................... 29
Suppression of Warnings with #pragma ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Project Configuration File .............................................................................................................................. 31
Dataflow Analysis Settings ............................................................................................................................ 31
Personalities and Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 33
Configuration of Application Options ............................................................................................................. 33
Editor Preferences: Choosing Your Editor and Browser ................................................................................................................. 33
Setting the Housekeeping Options ................................................................................................................................................. 34
Default Personalities....................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Environment ................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Product Extensions ......................................................................................................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 4 .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
ANALYZING SOURCE CODE .......................................................................................................................... 36
Deep Flow Dataflow Analysis (DF^2) ............................................................................................................ 36
Recommendations for First Time Operation of DF^2 ..................................................................................................................... 37
Recommendations for Fine-Tuning DF^2 Configuration Settings ................................................................................................... 37
Commencing Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 38
Analysis Output Files ..................................................................................................................................... 38
.err Files .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
.met Files ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 39
© 2012 Programming Research Ltd
5
.i Files .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Managing Output Files .................................................................................................................................. 40
Suppressing Analysis Output from Header Files ............................................................................................................................. 40
Secondary Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Configuring Secondary Analysis ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
Secondary Analysis Naming Convention Checking ...................................................................................... 42
Running Multiple Secondary Analysis ........................................................................................................... 42
Cross-Module Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 43
Configuring Cross-Module Analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 43
CMA Output Files ............................................................................................................................................................................ 44
Running Cross-Module Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................... 44
Default-supplied CMA Settings ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
Analysis Log .................................................................................................................................................. 45
CHAPTER 5 .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
VIEWING ANALYSIS RESULTS: MESSAGE BROWSER .......................................................................................... 46
The Source View ............................................................................................................................................................................. 47
Context Messages ...................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Navigating Through Messages .................................................................................................................................................. 47
Displaying Message Help ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
Displaying Line Numbers ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
Warning Summary View ................................................................................................................................................................. 48
Message Groups ........................................................................................................................................................................ 48
Files ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
CMA Results ............................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Syntax Errors .............................................................................................................................................................................. 48
Active MG .................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
Warning List View ........................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Changing the Format of Annotated Source .................................................................................................................................... 49
Using Annotated Source Code ........................................................................................................................................................ 49
Sample Annotated Source Code Listing .................................................................................................................................... 49
The Corrected Source File .......................................................................................................................................................... 54
Displaying Diagnostic Messages ................................................................................................................................................ 57
Overview of Baselining .............................................................................................................................................................. 57
Message Groups and Active Message Groups .......................................................................................................................... 58
CHAPTER 6 .......................................................................................................................................................... 59
REPORTS ................................................................................................................................................. 59
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