Flask_Web_Development,_2nd_Edition.pdf

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Preface

Flaskstandsoutfromotherframeworksbecauseitletsdeveloperstakethe

driver’sseatandhavefullcreativecontroloftheirapplications.Maybeyouhave

heardthephrase“fightingtheframework”before.Thishappenswithmost

frameworkswhenyoudecidetosolveaproblemwithasolutionthatisn’tthe

officialone.Itcouldbethatyouwanttouseadifferentdatabaseengine,or

maybeadifferentmethodofauthenticatingusers.Deviatingfromthepathsetby

theframework’sdeveloperswillgiveyoulotsofheadaches.

Flaskisnotlikethat.Doyoulikerelationaldatabases?Great.Flasksupports

themall.MaybeyoupreferaNoSQLdatabase?Noproblematall.Flaskworks

withthemtoo.Wanttouseyourownhomegrowndatabaseengine?Don’tneeda

databaseatall?Stillfine.WithFlaskyoucanchoosethecomponentsofyour

applicationorevenwriteyourownifthatiswhatyouwant.Noquestionsasked!

ThekeytothisfreedomisthatFlaskwasdesignedfromthestarttobeextended.

Itcomeswitharobustcorethatincludesthebasicfunctionalitythatallweb

applicationsneedandexpectstheresttobeprovidedbysomeofthemanythird-

partyextensionsintheecosystemand,ofcourse,byyou.

InthisbookIpresentmyworkflowfordevelopingwebapplicationswithFlask.

Idon’tclaimtohavetheonlytruewaytobuildapplicationswiththis

framework.Youshouldtakemychoicesasrecommendationsandnotasgospel.

Mostsoftwaredevelopmentbooksprovidesmallandfocusedcodeexamplesthat

demonstratethedifferentfeaturesofthetargettechnologyinisolation,leaving

the“glue”codethatisnecessarytotransformthesedifferentfeaturesintoafully

workingapplicationstobefiguredoutbythereader.Itakeacompletely

differentapproach.AlltheexamplesIpresentarepartofasingleapplicationthat

startsoutverysimpleandisexpandedineachsuccessivechapter.This

applicationbeginslifewithjustafewlinesofcodeandendsasanicelyfeatured

bloggingandsocialnetworkingapplication.

WhoThisBookIsFor

YoushouldhavesomelevelofPythoncodingexperiencetomakethemostof

thisbook.AlthoughthebookassumesnopreviousFlaskknowledge,Python

conceptssuchaspackages,modules,functions,decorators,andobject-oriented

programmingareassumedtobewellunderstood.Somefamiliaritywith

exceptionsanddiagnosingissuesfromstacktraceswillbeveryuseful.

Whileworkingthroughtheexamplesinthisbook,youwillspendagreatdealof

timeinthecommandline.Youshouldfeelcomfortableusingthecommandline

ofyouroperatingsystem.

ModernwebapplicationscannotavoidtheuseofHTML,CSS,andJavaScript.

Theexampleapplicationthatisdevelopedthroughoutthebookobviouslymakes

useofthese,butthebookitselfdoesnotgointoalotofdetailregardingthese

technologiesandhowtheyareused.Somedegreeoffamiliaritywiththese

languagesisrecommendedifyouintendtodevelopcompleteapplications

withoutthehelpofadeveloperversedinclient-sidetechniques.

IreleasedthecompanionapplicationtothisbookasopensourceonGitHub.

AlthoughGitHubmakesitpossibletodownloadapplicationsasregularZIPor

TARfiles,IstronglyrecommendthatyouinstallaGitclientandfamiliarize

yourselfwithsourcecodeversioncontrol,atleastwiththebasiccommandsto

cloneandcheckoutthedifferentversionsoftheapplicationdirectlyfromthe

repository.Theshortlistofcommandsthatyou’llneedisshownin“Howto

WorkwiththeExampleCode”.Youwillwanttouseversioncontrolforyour

ownprojectsaswell,sousethisbookasanexcusetolearnGit!

Finally,thisbookisnotacompleteandexhaustivereferenceontheFlask

framework.Mostfeaturesarecovered,butyoushouldcomplementthisbook

withtheofficialFlaskdocumentation.

Chapter16givesanoverviewofperformanceanalysistechniques.

Chapter17describesdeploymentoptionsforFlaskapplications,

includingtraditional,cloudandcontainerbasedsolutions.

Chapter18listsadditionalresources.

HowtoWorkwiththeExampleCode

ThecodeexamplespresentedinthisbookareavailablefromGitHubat

https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/flasky.

Thecommithistoryinthisrepositorywascarefullycreatedtomatchtheorderin

whichconceptsarepresentedinthebook.Therecommendedwaytoworkwith

thecodeistocheckoutthecommitsstartingfromtheoldest,thenmoveforward

throughthecommitlistasyoumakeprogresswiththebook.Asanalternative,

GitHubwillalsoletyoudownloadeachcommitasaZIPorTARfile.

IfyoudecidetouseGittoworkwiththesourcecode,thenyouneedtoinstall

theGitclient,whichyoucandownloadfromhttp://git-scm.com.Thefollowing

commanddownloadstheexamplecodeusingGit:

$gitclonehttps://github.com/miguelgrinberg/flasky.git

ThegitclonecommandinstallsthesourcecodefromGitHubintoaflasky2

folderthatiscreatedinthecurrentdirectory.Thisfolderdoesnotcontainjust

sourcecode;acopyoftheGitrepositorywiththeentirehistoryofchangesmade

totheapplicationisalsoincluded.

Inthefirstchapteryouwillbeaskedtocheckouttheinitialreleaseofthe

application,andthen,attheproperplacesyouwillbeinstructedtomove

forwardinthehistory.TheGitcommandthatletsyoumovethroughthechange

historyisgitcheckout.Hereisanexample:

$gitcheckout1a

The1areferencedinthecommandisatag,anamedpointinthecommithistory

oftheproject.Thisrepositoryistaggedaccordingtothechaptersofthebook,so

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