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Python for Scientists, 2nd Edition(2017).pdf
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www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781316641231
DOI: 10.1017/9781108120241
c
John M. Stewart 2014, 2017
First published 2014
Second edition 2017
Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd. Padstow Cornwall
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Stewart, John, 1943 July 1–
Title: Python for scientists / John M. Stewart, Department of Applied, Mathematics & Theoretical
Physics, University of Cambridge.
Description: Second edition. | Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY, USA : Cambridge
University Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016049298 | ISBN 9781316641231 (paperback)
Subjects: LCSH: Science–Data processing. | Python (Computer program language)
Classification: LCC Q183.9 .S865 2017 | DDC 005.13/3–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016049298
ISBN 978-1-316-64123-1 Paperback
Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/9781316641231
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition page xiii
Preface to the First Edition xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Scientific Software 1
1.2 The Plan of This Book 4
1.3 Can Python Compete with Compiled Languages? 8
1.4 Limitations of This Book 9
1.5 Installing Python and Add-ons 9
2 Getting Started with
IPython
11
2.1 Tab Completion 11
2.2 Introspection 12
2.3 History 14
2.4 Magic Commands 14
2.5 IPython in Action: An Extended Example 15
2.5.1 An IPython terminal workflow 17
2.5.2 An IPython notebook workflow 17
3 A Short Python Tutorial 21
3.1 Typing Python 21
3.2 Objects and Identifiers 22
3.3 Numbers 24
3.3.1 Integers 24
3.3.2 Real numbers 24
3.3.3 Boolean numbers 26
3.3.4 Complex numbers 26
3.4 Namespaces and Modules 27
3.5 Container Objects 28
3.5.1 Lists 29
3.5.2 List indexing 30
3.5.3 List slicing 30
3.5.4 List mutability 31
3.5.5 Tuples 32
3.5.6 Strings 33
3.5.7 Dictionaries 33
3.6 Python if Statements 34
3.7 Loop Constructs 35
3.7.1 The Python for loop 35
3.7.2 The Python continue statement 37
3.7.3 The Python break statement 37
3.7.4 List comprehensions 38
3.7.5 Python while loops 39
3.8 Functions 39
3.8.1 Syntax and scope 40
3.8.2 Positional arguments 43
3.8.3 Keyword arguments 43
3.8.4 Variable number of positional arguments 43
3.8.5 Variable number of keyword arguments 44
3.8.6 Python input/output functions 44
3.8.7 The Python print function 45
3.8.8 Anonymous functions 47
3.9 Introduction to Python Classes 47
3.10 The Structure of Python 50
3.11 Prime Numbers: A Worked Example 51
4
NumPy
55
4.1 One-Dimensional Arrays 57
4.1.1 Ab initio constructors 57
4.1.2 Look-alike constructors 58
4.1.3 Arithmetical operations on vectors 59
4.1.4 Ufuncs 60
4.1.5 Logical operations on vectors 62
4.2 Two-Dimensional Arrays 65
4.2.1 Broadcasting 65
4.2.2 Ab initio constructors 66
4.2.3 Look-alike constructors 68
4.2.4 Operations on arrays and ufuncs 69
4.3 Higher-Dimensional Arrays 69
4.4 Domestic Input and Output 69
4.4.1 Discursive output and input 70
4.4.2 NumPy text output and input 71
4.4.3 NumPy binary output and input 72
4.5 Foreign Input and Output 73
4.5.1 Small amounts of data 73
4.5.2 Large amounts of data 73
4.6 Miscellaneous Ufuncs 74
4.6.1 Maxima and minima 74
4.6.2 Sums and products 75
4.6.3 Simple statistics 75
4.7 Polynomials 75
4.7.1 Converting data to coefficients 76
4.7.2 Converting coefficients to data 76
4.7.3 Manipulating polynomials in coefficient form 76
4.8 Linear Algebra 76
4.8.1 Basic operations on matrices 76
4.8.2 More specialized operations on matrices 78
4.8.3 Solving linear systems of equations 79
4.9 More NumPy and Beyond 79
4.9.1 SciPy 80
4.9.2 SciKits 81
5 Two-Dimensional Graphics 82
5.1 Introduction 82
5.2 Getting Started: Simple Figures 83
5.2.1 Front-ends 83
5.2.2 Back-ends 83
5.2.3 A simple figure 84
5.2.4 Interactive controls 86
5.3 Object-Oriented Matplotlib 87
5.4 Cartesian Plots 88
5.4.1 The Matplotlib plot function 88
5.4.2 Curve styles 89
5.4.3 Marker styles 90
5.4.4 Axes, grid, labels and title 90
5.4.5 A not-so-simple example: partial sums of Fourier series 91
5.5 Polar Plots 93
5.6 Error Bars 94
5.7 Text and Annotations 95
5.8 Displaying Mathematical Formulae 96
5.8.1 Non-L
A
T
E
X users 96
5.8.2 L
A
T
E
X users 97
5.8.3 Alternatives for L
A
T
E
X users 98
5.9 Contour Plots 98
5.10 Compound Figures 101
5.10.1 Multiple figures 101
5.10.2 Multiple plots 102
5.11 Mandelbrot Sets: A Worked Example 104
6 Multi-Dimensional Graphics 109
6.1 Introduction 109
6.1.1 Multi-dimensional data sets 109
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