MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual
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3.6.6 Using Foreign Keys .......................................................................................... 292
3.6.7 Searching on Two Keys .................................................................................... 294
3.6.8 Calculating Visits Per Day ................................................................................. 294
3.6.9 Using AUTO_INCREMENT ............................................................................... 295
3.7 Using MySQL with Apache .......................................................................................... 297
4 MySQL Programs .................................................................................................................. 299
4.1 Overview of MySQL Programs ..................................................................................... 300
4.2 Using MySQL Programs .............................................................................................. 303
4.2.1 Invoking MySQL Programs ............................................................................... 303
4.2.2 Connecting to the MySQL Server ...................................................................... 304
4.2.3 Connecting Using a URI or Key-Value Pairs ...................................................... 308
4.2.4 Specifying Program Options .............................................................................. 313
4.2.5 Using Options on the Command Line ................................................................ 313
4.2.6 Program Option Modifiers ................................................................................. 315
4.2.7 Using Option Files ............................................................................................ 316
4.2.8 Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling ..................................... 320
4.2.9 Using Options to Set Program Variables ............................................................ 322
4.2.10 Option Defaults, Options Expecting Values, and the = Sign ............................... 323
4.2.11 Setting Environment Variables ......................................................................... 326
4.3 MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs ............................................................... 327
4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server ......................................................................... 327
4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script ................................................. 327
4.3.3 mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script ............................................... 333
4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers ......................................... 336
4.4 MySQL Installation-Related Programs .......................................................................... 339
4.4.1 comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File ............................................ 339
4.4.2 mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security ........... 340
4.4.3 mysql_ssl_rsa_setup — Create SSL/RSA Files ........................................... 344
4.4.4 mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables ................................... 346
4.4.5 mysql_upgrade — Check and Upgrade MySQL Tables ................................... 347
4.5 MySQL Client Programs .............................................................................................. 355
4.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client ..................................................... 355
4.5.2 mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server .................................. 382
4.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program ................................................. 391
4.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program ..................................................... 400
4.5.5 mysqlimport — A Data Import Program ......................................................... 422
4.5.6 mysqlpump — A Database Backup Program ..................................................... 429
4.5.7 mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information ...................... 445
4.5.8 mysqlslap — Load Emulation Client ............................................................... 451
4.6 MySQL Administrative and Utility Programs .................................................................. 460
4.6.1 ibd2sdi — InnoDB Tablespace SDI Extraction Utility ....................................... 460
4.6.2 innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility .................................... 464
4.6.3 myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information ..................................... 469
4.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility ............................................. 470
4.6.5 myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents ............................................ 486
4.6.6 myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables .................. 488
4.6.7 mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility ................................... 493
4.6.8 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files ..................................... 499
4.6.9 mysqldumpslow — Summarize Slow Query Log Files ...................................... 522
4.7 MySQL Program Development Utilities ......................................................................... 523
4.7.1 mysql_config — Display Options for Compiling Clients ................................... 524
4.7.2 my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files .............................. 525
4.8 Miscellaneous Programs .............................................................................................. 526
4.8.1 lz4_decompress — Decompress mysqlpump LZ4-Compressed Output ............ 526
4.8.2 perror — Display MySQL Error Message Information ....................................... 527
4.8.3 zlib_decompress — Decompress mysqlpump ZLIB-Compressed Output ......... 528
4.9 MySQL Program Environment Variables ....................................................................... 528
5 MySQL Server Administration ................................................................................................. 531
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