httpclient4.5.4开发文档

httpclient

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HttpClient Tutorial

Oleg Kalnichevski

Jonathan Moore

Jilles van Gurp

Preface .................................................................................................................................... iv

1. HttpClient scope .......................................................................................................... iv

2. What HttpClient is NOT .............................................................................................. iv

1. Fundamentals ....................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Request execution ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1. HTTP request .................................................................................................. 1

1.1.2. HTTP response ............................................................................................... 2

1.1.3. Working with message headers ........................................................................ 2

1.1.4. HTTP entity .................................................................................................... 3

1.1.5. Ensuring release of low level resources ............................................................ 5

1.1.6. Consuming entity content ................................................................................ 6

1.1.7. Producing entity content .................................................................................. 6

1.1.8. Response handlers ........................................................................................... 7

1.2. HttpClient interface .................................................................................................... 8

1.2.1. HttpClient thread safety ................................................................................... 8

1.2.2. HttpClient resource deallocation ...................................................................... 9

1.3. HTTP execution context ............................................................................................. 9

1.4. HTTP protocol interceptors ...................................................................................... 10

1.5. Exception handling ................................................................................................... 11

1.5.1. HTTP transport safety ................................................................................... 11

1.5.2. Idempotent methods ...................................................................................... 12

1.5.3. Automatic exception recovery ........................................................................ 12

1.5.4. Request retry handler ..................................................................................... 12

1.6. Aborting requests ..................................................................................................... 13

1.7. Redirect handling ..................................................................................................... 13

2. Connection management ..................................................................................................... 15

2.1. Connection persistence ............................................................................................. 15

2.2. HTTP connection routing ......................................................................................... 15

2.2.1. Route computation ........................................................................................ 15

2.2.2. Secure HTTP connections .............................................................................. 15

2.3. HTTP connection managers ...................................................................................... 16

2.3.1. Managed connections and connection managers .............................................. 16

2.3.2. Simple connection manager ........................................................................... 16

2.3.3. Pooling connection manager .......................................................................... 17

2.3.4. Connection manager shutdown ....................................................................... 17

2.4. Multithreaded request execution ................................................................................ 17

2.5. Connection eviction policy ....................................................................................... 19

2.6. Connection keep alive strategy ................................................................................. 20

2.7. Connection socket factories ...................................................................................... 20

2.7.1. Secure socket layering ................................................................................... 21

2.7.2. Integration with connection manager .............................................................. 21

2.7.3. SSL/TLS customization ................................................................................. 21

2.7.4. Hostname verification .................................................................................... 21

2.8. HttpClient proxy configuration ................................................................................. 22

3. HTTP state management ..................................................................................................... 24

3.1. HTTP cookies .......................................................................................................... 24

3.2. Cookie specifications ............................................................................................... 24

3.3. Choosing cookie policy ............................................................................................ 25

3.4. Custom cookie policy ............................................................................................... 26

HttpClient Tutorial

iii

3.5. Cookie persistence ................................................................................................... 26

3.6. HTTP state management and execution context ......................................................... 26

4. HTTP authentication ........................................................................................................... 28

4.1. User credentials ....................................................................................................... 28

4.2. Authentication schemes ............................................................................................ 28

4.3. Credentials provider ................................................................................................. 29

4.4. HTTP authentication and execution context ............................................................... 30

4.5. Caching of authentication data .................................................................................. 31

4.6. Preemptive authentication ......................................................................................... 31

4.7. NTLM Authentication .............................................................................................. 32

4.7.1. NTLM connection persistence ........................................................................ 32

4.8. SPNEGO/Kerberos Authentication ................................................................................ 33

4.8.1. SPNEGO support in HttpClient ......................................................................... 33

4.8.2. GSS/Java Kerberos Setup .............................................................................. 33

4.8.3. login.conf file ............................................................................................. 34

4.8.4. krb5.conf / krb5.ini file ............................................................................. 34

4.8.5. Windows Specific configuration ..................................................................... 34

5. Fluent API .......................................................................................................................... 36

5.1. Easy to use facade API ............................................................................................ 36

5.1.1. Response handling ......................................................................................... 37

6. HTTP Caching .................................................................................................................... 38

6.1. General Concepts ..................................................................................................... 38

6.2. RFC-2616 Compliance ............................................................................................. 39

6.3. Example Usage ........................................................................................................ 39

6.4. Configuration ........................................................................................................... 39

6.5. Storage Backends ..................................................................................................... 40

7. Advanced topics ................................................................................................................. 41

7.1. Custom client connections ........................................................................................ 41

7.2. Stateful HTTP connections ....................................................................................... 41

7.2.1. User token handler ........................................................................................ 42

7.2.2. Persistent stateful connections ........................................................................ 42

7.3. Using the FutureRequestExecutionService ................................................................. 43

7.3.1. Creating the FutureRequestExecutionService .................................................. 43

7.3.2. Scheduling requests ....................................................................................... 43

7.3.3. Canceling tasks ............................................................................................. 44

7.3.4. Callbacks ...................................................................................................... 44

7.3.5. Metrics ......................................................................................................... 44

Chapter 1. Fundamentals

1.1. Request execution

The most essential function of HttpClient is to execute HTTP methods. Execution of an HTTP method

involves one or several HTTP request / HTTP response exchanges, usually handled internally by

HttpClient. The user is expected to provide a request object to execute and HttpClient is expected to

transmit the request to the target server return a corresponding response object, or throw an exception

if execution was unsuccessful.

Quite naturally, the main entry point of the HttpClient API is the HttpClient interface that defines the

contract described above.

Here is an example of request execution process in its simplest form:

CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://localhost/");

CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);

try {

<...>

} finally {

response.close();

}

1.1.1. HTTP request

All HTTP requests have a request line consisting a method name, a request URI and an HTTP protocol

version.

HttpClient supports out of the box all HTTP methods defined in the HTTP/1.1 specification: GET,

HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE and OPTIONS. There is a specific class for each method type.: HttpGet,

HttpHead, HttpPost, HttpPut, HttpDelete, HttpTrace, and HttpOptions.

The Request-URI is a Uniform Resource Identifier that identifies the resource upon which to apply

the request. HTTP request URIs consist of a protocol scheme, host name, optional port, resource path,

optional query, and optional fragment.

HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(

"http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=httpclient&btnG=Google+Search&aq=f&oq=");

HttpClient provides URIBuilder utility class to simplify creation and modification of request URIs.

URI uri = new URIBuilder()

.setScheme("http")

.setHost("www.google.com")

.setPath("/search")

.setParameter("q", "httpclient")

.setParameter("btnG", "Google Search")

.setParameter("aq", "f")

.setParameter("oq", "")

.build();

HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(uri);

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Prim233

2018-05-30

英文的，差评

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