Preface
The capacity to make accurate three-dimensional measurements has always been fundamental
to the physical sciences and is of increasing importance in manufacturing, engineering, biology,
forensic investigation, medical science, architecture, archaeology and other fields. Many tools
and techniques have been developed in many disciplines but each tends to be specialised and to
be applicable only for objects within a limited range of dimensions. Photogrammetry tran-
scends those limitations: it may be used equally for mapping from cameras in space and for
measuring the microtopography of human skin. Photogrammetry has usually been regarded as
one of the specialisms of geomatics (or surveying, to use a more familiar word) for the produc-
tion of maps. Today, however, photogrammetry is readily available to engineers and many other
professionals who wish to make accurate three-dimensional measurements of complex objects.
This book explains the application of photogrammetry to such tasks, and provides the math-
ematics, physics and photographic theory necessary for a good understanding of the techniques
and is very closely based on Luhmann’s Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie published in German
by Wichmann in 2000 and, in a second edition, in 2003. That book stimulated a demand for a
similar text in English. This book is addressed not only to photogrammetrists but also to both
students and experts in optical three-dimensional metrology and three-dimensional image
processing.
As well as giving a little history, we have attempted to describe the highest level of develop-
ment of the subject at the time of publication. Technology changes extremely rapidly and the
book is published at a time when analogue imaging and processing techniques are being re-
placed by fully digital methods. We believe, however, that analogue methods should be dis-
cussed here as they can help directly in realizing the potential of newer techniques. A good
knowledge of conventional photography is essential, for example, for the optimal application
of digital imaging systems.
We would like to thank Keith Whittles from Whittles Publishing for his support and espe-
cially for his belief that our work would be finished in a reasonable period of time. We would
also like to thank all friends, colleagues and companies for their technical input and for material
submitted for inclusion. Last but not least, we express our gratitude to our own families.
In a book by four authors, working part-time on such a large task and under the pressure of
a deadline, readers will inevitably find discontinuities of style, some repetition and some errors.
We hope that you will forgive such faults; we look forward to feedback especially concerning
matters that should be corrected.
Thomas Luhmann, Stuart Robson, Stephen Kyle, Ian Harley
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