Table of Contents
[ ii ]
Chapter 2: Understanding the PostgreSQL Transaction Log 21
How PostgreSQL writes data 21
The PostgreSQL disk layout 22
Looking into the data directory 22
PG_VERSION – the PostgreSQL version number 23
base – the actual data directory 23
global – the global data 25
pg_clog – the commit log 25
pg_dynshmem – shared memory 26
pg_hba.conf – host-based network conguration 26
pg_ident.conf – ident authentication 26
pg_logical – logical decoding 26
pg_multixact – multitransaction status data 26
pg_notify – LISTEN/NOTIFY data 27
pg_replslot – replication slots 27
pg_serial – information about committed serializable transactions 27
pg_snapshot – exported snapshots 27
pg_stat – permanent statistics 27
pg_stat_tmp – temporary statistics data 27
pg_subtrans – subtransaction data 27
pg_tblspc – symbolic links to tablespaces 28
pg_twophase – information about prepared statements 28
pg_xlog – the PostgreSQL transaction log (WAL) 28
postgresql.conf – the central PostgreSQL conguration le 29
Writing one row of data 30
A simple INSERT statement 30
Read consistency 33
The purpose of the shared buffer 34
Mixed reads and writes 35
The format of the XLOG 36
The XLOG and replication 38
Understanding consistency and data loss 38
All the way to the disk 39
From memory to memory 39
From the memory to the disk 40
A word about batteries 42
Beyond the fsync function 42
PostgreSQL consistency levels 43
Tuning checkpoints and the XLOG 44
Understanding the checkpoints 45
Conguring the checkpoints 45
Segments and timeouts 45
To write or not to write? 46
Tweaking WAL buffers 49
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