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首页PLL(锁相环)基本操作方法及仿真设计.pdf
PLL(锁相环)基本操作方法及仿真设计.pdf
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更新于2023-03-16
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本节介绍基本的PLL(锁相环)操作,并介绍将在本书中使用的术语。 PLL以稳定的晶体参考频率XTAL开始,通过R计数器将其分频为较低的频率。 该分频被称为比较频率(Fcomp),并且是相位检测器的输入之一。 相位频率检测器在被N分频器分频之后输出具有与比较频率和输出频率之间的相位误差成比例的平均DC值的电流。 比例常数称为Kφ。 该常数结果是电荷泵可以提供或吸收的电流的大小。 虽然将该项除以2π在技术上是正确的,但它是不必要的,因为它被本书中所有方程的VCO增益的另一个因子2π抵消。 因此在技术上,Kφ的单位以mA /(2π弧度)表示。
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PLL Performance, Simulation, and Design
3
rd
Edition
Dean Banerjee
http://www.elecfans.com 电子发烧友 http://bbs.elecfans.com 电子技术论坛
PLL Performance, Simulation, and Design © 2003, Third Edition
2
http://www.elecfans.com 电子发烧友 http://bbs.elecfans.com 电子技术论坛
To Caleb
Credits
I would like to thank the following people for their assistance in making this book possible.
Some of these people helped directly with things like editing and cover design, while others
have helped in indirect ways like useful everyday conversation and creating things that
helped me grow in my understanding of PLLs.
Editing
Person
2
nd
Edition
3
rd
Edition
Useful Insights
Yuko Kanagy - - Useful insights into PLLs
Bill Keese - -
Wrote National Semiconductor Application Note
1001, which was my first introduction to loop
filter design.
Tom Mathews - - Useful insights into RF phenomena.
Khang Nguyen - -
Developed the GUI for EasyPLL at
wireless.national.com that is based on many of
the formulas in this book.
Ian Thompson - -
Useful insights into PLLs, particularly phase
noise and how it is impacted by the discrete
sampling action of the phase detector.
Timothy Toroni - -
Developed a TCL interface for many of my
simulation routines in C that proved to be very
useful.
Deborah Brown X - Thorough editing from cover to cover
Bill Burdette X -
Stephen Hoffman - X
Shigura Matsuda X - Translation into Japanese.
John Johnson X X
Special thanks to John Johnson for doing the
cover design for the 3
rd
Edition and thorough
editing from cover to cover. John also did a lot
of the illustrations
Tien Pham - X Cover to cover editing.
Ahmed Salem - X
Benyoung Zhang - X
Useful insights into delta-sigma PLLs in general
and the LMX2470 in particular.
PLL Performance, Simulation, and Design © 2003, Third Edition
3
http://www.elecfans.com 电子发烧友 http://bbs.elecfans.com 电子技术论坛
PLL Performance, Simulation, and Design © 2003, Third Edition
4
http://www.elecfans.com 电子发烧友 http://bbs.elecfans.com 电子技术论坛
Preface
I first became familiar with PLLs by
working for National Semiconductor as an
applications engineer. While supporting
customers, I noticed that there were many
repeat questions. Instead of creating the
same response over and over, it made more
sense to create a document, worksheet, or
program to address these recurring questions
in greater detail and just re-send the file.
From all of these documents, worksheets,
and programs, this book was born.
Many questions concerning PLLs can be
answered through a greater understanding of
the problem and the mathematics involved.
By approaching problems in a rigorous
mathematical way one gains a greater level
of understanding, a greater level of
satisfaction, and the ability to apply the
concepts learned to other problems.
Many of the formulas that are commonly
used for PLL design and simulation contain
gross approximations with no or little
justification of how they were derived. Others are rigorously derived, but from outdated
textbooks that make assumptions not true of the PLL systems today. It is therefore no
surprise that there are so many rules of thumb to be born which yield unreliable results.
Another fault of these formulas is that many of them have not been compared to measured
data to ensure that they account for all relevant factors.
There is also the other approach, not trusting formulas enough and relying on only measured
results. The fault with this is that many great insights are lost and it is difficult to learn and
grow in PLL knowledge this way. Furthermore, by knowing what a result should
theoretically be, it makes it easier to spot and diagnose problems with a PLL circuit. This
book takes a unique approach to PLL design by combining rigorous mathematical
derivations for formulas with actual measured data. When there is agreement between these
two, then one can feel much more confident with the results.
The purpose of writing a third edition is to add significant details and understanding to what
was in the second edition. This includes insights into delta sigma PLLs, fractional spurs,
phase noise, lock time, and loop filter design.
PLL Performance, Simulation, and Design © 2003, Third Edition
5
http://www.elecfans.com 电子发烧友 http://bbs.elecfans.com 电子技术论坛
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