SDH test, SONET test, SDH testing, SDH installation, SDH maintenance, SDH guide, SDH reference,
3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
UMTS test, UMTS testing, UMTS installation, UMTS maintenance
SONET testing, SONET installation, SONET maintenance, SONET guide, SONET reference,
STM-1
STM-64
STM-16
STM-4
STM-256
OC-768
OC-192
OC-48
OC-12
OC-3/STS-3
STM-0
OC-1/STS-1
TUG-3
DS1
E1
DS2
DS3
E3
E4
x3
x4
x7
x7
TUG-2
x3
x3
Mapping
Multiplexing
Aligning
Pointer processing
SDH Container
Group
VC-4
VC-3
VC4-4c
VC4-16c
AU-4
AU4-4c
AU4-16c
STS-3c SPE
STS-1 SPE
VT-Group
VC4-64c
VC4-256c
AU4-64c
AU4-256c
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
AU-3
10GE
AUG-256
STS-12c SPE
STS-48c SPE
STS-192c SPE
STS-768c SPE
STS-3c
STS-1
STS-12c
STS-48c
STS-192c
STS-768c STS-768
AUG-64
STS-192
AUG-16
STS-48
AUG-4
STS-12
AUG-1
STS-3
x4
x4
x4
x4
40 Gbps
10 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
622 Mbps
155 Mbps
52 Mbps
Frame transmission
Figure 1 SDH and Sonet Multiplexing map.
VC-3
VC-2
VC-12
VC-11
VT-6 SPE
VT-2 SPE
VT-1.5 SPE
POH addition
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
x1
C-3
C-2
C-12
C-11
C-4-256c
C-4-64c
C-4-16c
C-4-4c
C-4
TU-3
TU-2
TU-12
TU-11
VT-6
VT-2
VT-1.5
x1
STS-1 SPE
904
SOH
LOH
SPE ptr
13
STS-1
STS POH
90
B1 E1
*
A1
*
A2
*
F1
D1 D2 D3
B2 K1 K2
D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9
S1
E2
D10 D11 D12
J0
M1
9
1
Section
Overhead)
Line
Overhead
9
1
H1 H2 H3
pointer
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
O
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
VT POH
Virtual Tributary Path Overhead
RSOH
MSOH
AU4 ptr
1
VC4
270
10
STM-1
HP POH
TU pointers
VT pointers
VT SPE VT SPE
VCn VCn
LP POH
Lower Order Path Overhead
500
µ
s
375
µ
s
250
µ
s
125
µ
s
500
µ
s
375
µ
s
250
µ
s
125
µ
s
x3
MUX
STM-1
3:1
STS-1
STS-1
STS-1
Figure 2 STS-1 and STM-1 frames.
4
G1
F2
H4
J1
B3
C2
Z3
Z4
N1
G1
F2
H4
J1
B3
C2
F3
K3
N1
ptr
V5
V5
ptr
ptr
V5
V5
ptr
K4
N2
J2
V5
Z7
Z6
J2
V5
9
1
(payload)
2701019
SDH
Sonet
Quick Reference
T
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d
C
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m
m
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