AT89C51微控制器：低功耗高性能解决方案

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"这篇文档是关于89C51单片机的一篇英文文献，讨论了该微控制器的低功耗、高性能特性以及其在嵌入式控制应用中的广泛适用性。89C51单片机内置4KB可编程和擦除只读存储器(Flash PEROM)和128字节的RAM，采用Atmel的高密度非易失性内存技术，兼容MCS-51指令集和引脚配置。" 本文档主要涵盖了89C51单片机的一些关键特性和功能，包括： 1. **兼容性**：89C51与MCS-51产品系列兼容，这意味着它遵循了业界标准的MCS-51指令集，这使得开发者能够利用已有的MCS-51开发经验来使用89C51。 2. **内存配置**：89C51具有4KB的在系统可重编程Flash内存，可以进行多次写入和擦除操作，具有1,000次的写/擦除周期，满足程序存储的需求。同时，它还配备有128字节的内部RAM，用于数据处理和临时存储。 3. **静态操作**：该单片机可以在0Hz到24MHz的频率范围内工作，支持全静态操作，这意味着即使在无时钟输入的情况下也能保持其状态。 4. **安全保护**：具有三级程序存储器锁定功能，保证了代码的安全性，防止未经授权的访问或修改。 5. **输入/输出(I/O)**：提供32条可编程的I/O线路，这些线路可以灵活配置为输入或输出，以适应各种外设连接。 6. **定时器/计数器**：包含两个16位的定时器/计数器，这是许多实时控制应用中不可或缺的组成部分，可以用于脉冲测量、定时任务等。 7. **中断源**：具备六个中断源，提供了灵活的中断处理机制，能够对系统事件作出快速响应。 8. **串行通信**：拥有一个可编程的串行通道，可用于UART（通用异步接收发送器）通信，支持与其他设备的数据交换。 9. **低功耗模式**：支持低功耗闲置模式和电源关闭模式，这两种模式在不牺牲性能的前提下，降低了单片机在非活动状态下的能耗，适合电池供电或者对功耗敏感的应用。 89C51单片机因其丰富的功能集、兼容性和灵活性，在嵌入式控制系统设计中得到了广泛应用，如家用电器、工业自动化、汽车电子等领域。这篇文献对于理解89C51的硬件特性、设计考虑和应用潜力提供了详尽的信息。

from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit

1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset.

EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.

This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage(VPP) during Flash programming,

for parts that require 12-volt VPP.

XTAL1

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.

XTAL2

Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

Oscillator Characteristics

XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier which can be

configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 1. Either a quartz crystal or ceramic

resonator may be used. To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left

unconnected while XTAL1 is driven as shown in Figure 2. There are no requirements on the duty cycle

of the external clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide-by-two

flip-flop, but minimum and maximum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed.

Idle Mode

In idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the onchip peripherals remain active. The mode

is invoked by software. The content of the on-chip RAM and all the special functions registers remain

unchanged during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled interrupt or by a

hardware reset.

It should be noted that when idle is terminated by a hard ware reset, the device normally resumes

program execution, from where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm

takes control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access to the port pins

is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write to a port pin when Idle is terminated

by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or

to external memory.

Status of External Pins During Idle and Power Down Modes

mode Program memory ALE ^psen Port0 Port1 Port2 Port3

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AT89C51微控制器：低功耗高性能解决方案

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