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Apollo Datasheet
Ultra-Low Power MCU Family
Ambiq Micro Inc. 6500 River Place Blvd., Bldg. 7, Ste. 200 2016 Ambiq Micro, Inc.
www.ambiqmicro.com Austin, TX 78730-1156 February 2016
Ambiq Micro
Apollo
MCU
Host
Processor
(optional)
SPI/I
2
C
Slave
Port
SPI/I
2
C Master,
UART
Radio
Magnetometer
with Digital
Output
Gyroscope
with Digital
Output
Accelerometer
with Digital
Output
Typical Sensor Application Circuit for the Apollo MCU
Features
Ultra-low supply current:
- EEMBC ULPBench score of 377
- 35 µA/MHz executing from flash at 3.3 V
- 143 nA deep sleep mode at 3.3 V
- 419 nA deep sleep mode with XTAL-assisted
RTC at 3.3 V
High-performance ARM Cortex-M4F Processor
- Up to 24 MHz clock frequency
- Floating point unit
- Memory protection unit
Wake-up interrupt controller with 12 interrupts
Ultra-low power memory:
- Up to 512 KB of flash memory for code/data
- Up to 64 KB of low leakage RAM for code/data
Ultra-low power interface for off-chip sensors:
- 10 bit, 13-channel, up to 800 kSps ADC
- Temperature sensor with +/-4ºC accuracy
Flexible serial peripherals:
-I
2
C/SPI master for communication with sensors,
radios, and other peripherals
-I
2
C/SPI slave for host communications
- UART for communication with peripherals and
legacy devices
Rich set of clock sources:
- 32.768 kHz XTAL oscillator
- Low frequency RC oscillator – 1.024 kHz
- High frequency RC oscillator – 24 MHz
- RTC based on Ambiq’s AM08X5/18X5 families
Wide operating range: 1.8-3.8 V, –40 to 85°C
Compact package options:
- 2.49 x 2.90 mm 41-pin CSP with 27 GPIO
- 4.5 x 4.5 mm 64-pin BGA with 50 GPIO
Applications
- Wearable electronics
- Wireless sensors
- Activity and fitness monitors
- Consumer electronics
- Consumer medical devices
- Smart watches
Description
The Apollo MCU family is an ultra-low power, highly
integrated microcontroller designed for battery-
powered devices including wearable electronics,
activity & fitness monitors, and wireless sensors. By
combining ultra-low power sensor conversion
electronics with the powerful ARM Cortex-M4F
processor, the Apollo MCU enables complex sensor
processing tasks to be completed with
unprecedented battery life. Weeks, months, and
years of battery life are achievable while doing
complex context detection, gesture recognition, and
activity monitoring. The Apollo MCU takes full
advantage of Ambiq Micro’s patented Subthreshold
Power Optimized Technology (SPOT) Platform,
setting a new industry benchmark in low power
design.
The Apollo MCU also integrates up to 512 KB of
flash memory and 64 KB of RAM to accommodate
radio and sensor overhead while still leaving plenty
of space for application code. This microcontroller
also includes a serial master and UART port for
communicating with radios and sensors including
accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers.
Apollo Datasheet
7
Apollo MCU Datasheet Rev. 0.9 Page 2 of 384 2015 Ambiq Micro, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Package Pins ..................................................................................................... 23
1.1 Pin Configuration ......................................................................................... 23
1.2 Pin Connections .......................................................................................... 24
2. System Core ...................................................................................................... 32
3. MCU Core Details .............................................................................................. 33
3.1 Interrupts And Events .................................................................................. 34
3.2 Memory Map ................................................................................................ 35
3.3 Memory Protection Unit (MPU) .................................................................... 36
3.4 System Busses ............................................................................................ 37
3.5 Power Management .................................................................................... 37
3.5.1 Cortex M4F Power Modes .................................................................. 37
3.6 Debug Interfaces ......................................................................................... 38
3.6.1 Debugger Attachment ......................................................................... 38
3.6.2 Instrumentation Trace Macrocell (ITM) ............................................... 38
3.6.3 Trace Port Interface Unit (TPIU) ......................................................... 38
3.6.4 Faulting Address Trapping Hardware ................................................. 39
3.7 ITM Registers .............................................................................................. 39
3.7.1 Register Memory Map ......................................................................... 39
3.7.2 ITM Registers ...................................................................................... 41
3.8 MCUCTRL Registers ................................................................................... 66
3.8.1 Register Memory Map ......................................................................... 66
3.8.2 MCUCTRL Registers .......................................................................... 67
4. Memory Subsystem .......................................................................................... 79
4.1 Flash and OTP Memory Subsystem ............................................................ 79
4.1.1 Features .............................................................................................. 79
4.1.2 Functional Overview ............................................................................ 80
4.1.3 Directly Called Flash Helper Functions ............................................... 80
4.1.4 Debugger Invoked Helper Functions ................................................... 83
4.1.5 HAL Support for the Flash Helper Functions ...................................... 85
5. I2C/SPI Master Module ..................................................................................... 88
5.1 Functional Overview .................................................................................... 88
5.2 Interface Clock Generation .......................................................................... 88
5.2.1 Command Operation ........................................................................... 89
5.2.2 FIFO .................................................................................................... 89
5.2.3 I2C Interface ........................................................................................ 90
5.2.4 SPI Operations .................................................................................... 94
5.2.5 Repeating a Command ....................................................................... 98
5.2.6 Bit Orientation ..................................................................................... 98
5.2.7 Minimizing Power ................................................................................ 98
5.3 IOMSTR Registers ...................................................................................... 99
5.3.1 Register Memory Map ......................................................................... 99
Apollo Datasheet
7
Apollo MCU Datasheet Rev. 0.9 Page 3 of 384 2015 Ambiq Micro, Inc.
All rights reserved.
5.3.2 IOMSTR Registers ............................................................................ 100
6. I2C/SPI Slave Module ...................................................................................... 111
6.1 Functional Overview .................................................................................. 111
6.2 Local RAM Allocation ................................................................................ 111
6.3 Direct Area Functions ................................................................................ 112
6.4 FIFO Area Functions ................................................................................. 113
6.5 Rearranging the FIFO ................................................................................ 114
6.6 Interface Interrupts .................................................................................... 114
6.7 Host Address Space and Registers ........................................................... 114
6.8 I2C Interface .............................................................................................. 114
6.8.1 Bus Not Busy .................................................................................... 115
6.8.2 Start Data Transfer ............................................................................ 115
6.8.3 Stop Data Transfer ............................................................................ 115
6.8.4 Data Valid .......................................................................................... 115
6.8.5 Acknowledge ..................................................................................... 115
6.8.6 Address Operation ............................................................................ 116
6.8.7 Offset Address Transmission ............................................................ 116
6.8.8 Write Operation ................................................................................. 117
6.8.9 Read Operation ................................................................................. 117
6.8.10 General Address Detection ............................................................. 118
6.9 SPI Interface .............................................................................................. 118
6.9.1 Write Operation ................................................................................. 118
6.9.2 Read Operation ................................................................................. 119
6.9.3 Configuring 3-wire vs. 4-wire SPI Mode ............................................ 119
6.9.4 SPI Polarity and Phase ..................................................................... 119
6.10 Bit Orientation .......................................................................................... 120
6.11 Wakeup Using the I2C/SPI Slave ............................................................ 120
6.12 IOSLAVE Registers ................................................................................. 121
6.12.1 Register Memory Map ..................................................................... 121
6.12.2 IOSLAVE Registers ......................................................................... 122
6.13 Host Side Address Space and Register .................................................. 134
6.13.1 Host Address Space and Registers ................................................ 134
7. GPIO and Pad Configuration Module ............................................................ 139
7.1 Functional Overview .................................................................................. 139
7.2 Pad Configuration Functions ..................................................................... 139
7.3 General Purpose I/O (GPIO) Functions ..................................................... 142
7.3.1 Configuring the GPIO Functions ....................................................... 142
7.3.2 Reading from a GPIO Pad ................................................................ 142
7.3.3 Writing to a GPIO Pad ....................................................................... 142
7.3.4 GPIO Interrupts ................................................................................. 142
7.4 Pad Connection Summary ......................................................................... 143
7.4.1 Output Selection ................................................................................ 143
7.4.2 Output Control ................................................................................... 143
7.4.3 Input Control ...................................................................................... 145
Apollo Datasheet
7
Apollo MCU Datasheet Rev. 0.9 Page 4 of 384 2015 Ambiq Micro, Inc.
All rights reserved.
7.4.4 Pull-up Control .................................................................................. 145
7.4.5 Analog Pad Configuration ................................................................. 145
7.5 Module-specific Pad Configuration ............................................................ 145
7.5.1 Implementing IO Master Connections ............................................... 145
7.5.2 Implementing IO Slave Connections ................................................. 149
7.5.3 Implementing Counter/Timer Connections ........................................ 152
7.5.4 Implementing UART Connections ..................................................... 153
7.5.5 Implementing GPIO Connections ...................................................... 154
7.5.6 Implementing CLKOUT Connections ................................................ 155
7.5.7 Implementing ADC Connections ....................................................... 155
7.5.8 Implementing Voltage Comparator Connections .............................. 156
7.5.9 Implementing the Software Debug Port Connections ....................... 156
7.6 GPIO Registers ......................................................................................... 157
7.6.1 Register Memory Map ....................................................................... 157
7.6.2 GPIO Registers ................................................................................. 158
8. Clock Generator and Real Time Clock Module ............................................ 224
8.1 Clock Generator ........................................................................................ 224
8.1.1 Functional Overview .......................................................................... 224
8.1.2 Low Frequency RC Oscillator (LFRC) ............................................... 225
8.1.3 High Precision XT Oscillator (XT) ..................................................... 225
8.1.4 High Frequency RC Oscillator (HFRC) ............................................. 226
8.1.5 HFRC Autoadjustment ...................................................................... 226
8.1.6 CLKOUT selection ............................................................................ 227
8.1.7 Frequency Measurement .................................................................. 227
8.1.8 Generating 100 Hz ............................................................................ 227
8.1.9 XT Oscillator Failure Detection ......................................................... 228
8.1.10 HFRC Stability Delay ...................................................................... 228
8.1.11 CLKGEN Registers ......................................................................... 229
8.2 Real Time Clock ........................................................................................ 241
8.2.1 RTC Functional Overview ................................................................. 241
8.2.2 Calendar Counters ............................................................................ 241
8.2.3 Calendar Counter Reads .................................................................. 242
8.2.4 Alarms ............................................................................................... 242
8.2.5 12/24 Hour Mode .............................................................................. 243
8.2.6 Century Control and Leap Year Management .................................. 243
8.2.7 Weekday Function ............................................................................ 243
8.2.8 RTC Registers ................................................................................... 243
9. Counter/Timer Module .................................................................................... 252
9.1 Functional Overview .................................................................................. 252
9.2 Counter/Timer Functions ........................................................................... 252
9.2.1 Single Count (FN = 0) ....................................................................... 253
9.2.2 Repeated Count (FN = 1) .................................................................. 253
9.2.3 Single Pulse (FN = 2) ........................................................................ 254
9.2.4 Repeated Pulse (FN = 3) .................................................................. 254
Apollo Datasheet
7
Apollo MCU Datasheet Rev. 0.9 Page 5 of 384 2015 Ambiq Micro, Inc.
All rights reserved.
9.2.5 Continuous (FN = 4) .......................................................................... 255
9.3 Creating 32-bit Counters ........................................................................... 256
9.4 Power Optimization by Measuring HCLK .................................................. 256
9.5 Generating the Sample Rate for the ADC ................................................. 256
9.6 Measuring Buck Converter Charge Insertion ............................................ 256
9.7 CTIMER Registers ..................................................................................... 257
9.7.1 Register Memory Map ....................................................................... 257
9.7.2 CTIMER Registers ............................................................................ 258
10. Watchdog Timer Module .............................................................................. 280
10.1 Functional Overview ................................................................................ 280
10.2 WDT Registers ........................................................................................ 281
10.2.1 Register Memory Map ..................................................................... 281
10.2.2 WDT Registers ................................................................................ 281
11. Reset Generator Module .............................................................................. 286
11.1 Functional Overview ................................................................................ 286
11.2 External Reset Pin ................................................................................... 286
11.3 Power-on Event ....................................................................................... 287
11.4 Brown-out Event ...................................................................................... 287
11.5 Software Reset ........................................................................................ 287
11.6 Watchdog Expiration ............................................................................... 287
11.7 RSTGEN Registers ................................................................................. 288
11.7.1 Register Memory Map ..................................................................... 288
11.7.2 RSTGEN Registers ......................................................................... 288
11.7.3 CFG Register .................................................................................. 288
12. UART Module ................................................................................................ 295
12.1 Features .................................................................................................. 295
12.2 Functional Overview ................................................................................ 295
12.3 Enabling and Selecting the UART Clock ................................................. 296
12.4 Configuration ........................................................................................... 296
12.5 Transmit FIFO and Receive FIFO ........................................................... 296
12.6 UART Registers ....................................................................................... 297
12.6.1 Register Memory Map ..................................................................... 297
12.6.2 UART Registers .............................................................................. 297
13. ADC and Temperature Sensor Module ....................................................... 309
13.1 Features .................................................................................................. 309
13.2 Functional Overview ................................................................................ 310
13.2.1 Clock Source and Dividers .............................................................. 310
13.2.2 13 Channel Analog Mux .................................................................. 310
13.2.3 Triggering and Trigger Sources ...................................................... 310
13.2.4 Voltage Reference Sources ............................................................ 311
13.2.5 Eight Automatically Managed Conversion Slots ............................. 311
13.2.6 Automatic Sample Accumulation and Scaling ................................. 312
13.2.7 Eight Entry Result FIFO .................................................................. 313
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