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WIRED SYNCHRONIZATION OF ANCHOR NODES IN A TDOA REAL TIME LOCATION SYSTEM How to synchronize anchor nodes using a wired scheme in an RTLS based on DecaWave’s DW1000 IC
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© DecaWave 2014 This document is confidential and contains information which is proprietary to
DecaWave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the
author
APS007 APPLICATION NOTE
WIRED SYNCHRONIZATION OF
ANCHOR NODES IN A TDOA
REAL TIME LOCATION
SYSTEM
How to synchronize anchor
nodes using a wired scheme in
an RTLS based on DecaWave’s
DW1000 IC
Version 1.10
This document is subject to change without
notice
APS007: Wired synchronization of anchor nodes in TDOA RTLS
© DecaWave 2014 This document is confidential and contains information which is proprietary to
DecaWave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the
author
Page 2 of 18
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ 2
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... 3
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 4
2 WIRED SYNC ARCHITECTURE .................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 ARCHITECTURE OPTIONS................................................................................................................................ 6
2.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Synchronizing anchor nodes without using a synchronization signal ............................................. 7
2.2.3 Synchronizing the anchors using a synchronization signal ............................................................. 8
3 WIRED SYNC HARDWARE ......................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 HARDWARE TO DISTRIBUTE CLOCK AND SYNC ................................................................................................... 9
3.1.1 Clock & SYNC generation unit ......................................................................................................... 9
3.1.2 Distribution network ..................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.3 Repeater units ............................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 Transmitting the 38.4 MHz clock over CAT5 cable ........................................................................ 10
3.2.2 Transmitting the SYNC signal over CAT5 cable ............................................................................. 10
3.2.3 Transmitting the SYNC signal as a violation of the clock signal .................................................... 11
3.3 DW1000 AND WIRED SYNC ....................................................................................................................... 11
4 WIRED SYNC SOFTWARE ........................................................................................................................ 14
4.1 PREREQUISITES .......................................................................................................................................... 14
4.2 DETERMINING WHEN TO SYNCHRONIZE .......................................................................................................... 14
4.3 SYNCHRONIZATION PROCESS ........................................................................................................................ 14
4.4 CALIBRATING OUT FIXED OFFSETS .................................................................................................................. 14
4.5 IN OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................... 15
5 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 16
5.1 LISTING .................................................................................................................................................... 16
6 FURTHER INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................ 17
7 APPENDIX 1: DECAWAVE TESTING OF OSTR AND SYNCHRONIZATION PERFORMANCE .......................... 18
7.1 IC LEVEL TESTING OF OSTR MODE ................................................................................................................ 18
7.2 TESTING OF A WIRED SYNC RTLS ................................................................................................................... 18
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WIRED SYNC IMPLEMENTATIONS ........................................................................................... 6
TABLE 2: EXTERNAL CLOCK SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 13
TABLE 3: SYNC SIGNAL TIMING SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................................. 13
TABLE 4: TABLE OF REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 16
TABLE 5: OSTR PERFORMANCE OVER PROCESS AND TEMPERATURE ..................................................................................... 18
APS007: Wired synchronization of anchor nodes in TDOA RTLS
© DecaWave 2014 This document is confidential and contains information which is proprietary to
DecaWave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the
author
Page 3 of 18
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: BASIC CONCEPT OF A WIRED SYNCHRONIZATION SCHEME ....................................................................................... 5
FIGURE 2: CLOCK SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................................................... 7
FIGURE 3: CLOCK AND SYNC SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................................... 8
FIGURE 4: WIRED SYNC INFRASTRUCTURE HARDWARE ........................................................................................................ 9
FIGURE 5: RECEIVER SENSITIVITY MEASUREMENTS FOR LOCAL CLOCK (LEFT) AND 100 M CAT5 / SI5317 CLOCK (RIGHT) ............... 10
FIGURE 6: USING A CLOCK VIOLATION TO DISTRIBUTE THE SYNC SIGNAL .............................................................................. 11
FIGURE 7: OSTR CLOCK AND SYNC ............................................................................................................................... 11
FIGURE 8: EC_CTRL REGISTER .................................................................................................................................... 12
FIGURE 9: SYNC SIGNAL TIMING DIAGRAM ..................................................................................................................... 13
APS007: Wired synchronization of anchor nodes in TDOA RTLS
© DecaWave 2014 This document is confidential and contains information which is proprietary to
DecaWave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the
author
Page 4 of 18
1 INTRODUCTION
This is one in a series of notes on the application of DecaWave’s DW1000 technology.
This note assumes the reader is familiar with the concepts and principles behind RTLS in general and
Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) RTLS in particular – for more information on the principles of RTLS
see the DecaWave website www.decawave.com.
This note considers how to synchronize anchor nodes in a Real Time Location System (RTLS),
implemented using DecaWave’s DW1000 IC, by using wired synchronization techniques.
The topics covered include:
Wired Sync RTLS architecture
Hardware features for Wired Sync RTLS with the DW1000
Software features for wired Sync RTLS with the DW1000
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