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BookSim 1.0 User’s Guide
Brian Towles and William J. Dally
September 10, 2004
Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Getting started 2
2.1 Downloading and building the simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 Running a simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.3 Simulation output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Examples 4
4 Configuration parameters 4
4.1 Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.2 Routing algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3 Flow control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4 Router organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4.1 The input-queued router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4.2 The event-driven router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.5 Allocators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.6 Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.7 Simulation parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A Random number generation 12
1 Introduction
This document describes the use of the BookSim interconnection network simulator. The simulator
is designed as a companion to the textbook “Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks”
(PPIN) published by Morgan Kaufmann (ISBN: 0122007514) and it is assumed that is reader is
familiar with the material covered in that text.
This user guide is fairly brief as, with most simulators, the best way to learn and understand
the simulator is to study the code. Most of the simulator’s components are designed to be modular
so tasks such as adding a new routing algorithm, topology, or router microarchitecture should not
require a complete redesign of the code. Once you have downloaded the code, compiled it, and run
a simple example (Section 2), the more detailed examples of Sec tion 3 give a good overview of the
capabilities of the simulator. A list of configuration options is provided in Section 4 for reference.
2 Getting started 2
2 Getting started
2.1 Downloading and building the simulator
The latest version of the simulator is available from http://cva.stanford.edu as a compressed
tar archive. UNIX/Linux users can extract this archive using the tar utility
tar xvfz booksim-1.0.tar.gz
Windows users can use a compression program such as WinZip to extract the archive.
The simulator itself is written in C++ and has been specifically tested with GNU’s G++
compiler (version ≥ 3). In addition, both a LEX and YACC tool (also known as FLEX and
BISON) are needed to create the configuration parser. These are standard tools in any UNIX/Linux
development environment. It is suggested that Windows users download the CYGWIN versions
(http://www.cygwin.com) of these UNIX development tools to simplify their compilation process.
The Makefile should be e dited so that the first lines give the paths to the tools. At Stanford,
for example, the compiler, YACC, and LEX are stored in the /usr/pubsw/bin directory. The
Makefile reflects this:
CPP = /usr/pubsw/bin/g++
YACC = /usr/pubsw/bin/byacc -d
LEX = /usr/pubsw/bin/flex
Then, the simulator can be compiled by running make in the directory that contains the Makefile.
2.2 Running a simulation
The syntax of the simulator is simply
booksim [configfile]
The optional parameter configfile is a file that contains configuration information for the simu-
lator. So, for example, to simulate the performance of a simple 8 × 8 torus (8-ary 2-cube) network
on uniform traffic, a configuration such as the one shown in Figure 1 could be used. This particular
configuration is stored in examples/torus88.
In addition to specifying the topology, the configuration file also contains basic information
about the routing algorithm, flow control, and traffic. This simple example uses dimension-order
routing and, to ensure deadlock-freedom of this routing function in the torus, two virtual channels
are re quired. The injection rate parameter is added to tell the simulator to inject 0.15 flits per
simulation cycle per node. Because the simulator operates at the flit level, most parameters are
specified in units of flits as is the case with the injection rate. Also, any line of the configuration
that begins with // is treated as a comment and ignored by the simulator. A detailed list of
configuration parameters is given in Section 4.
2.3 Simulation output
Continuing our example, running the torus simulation produces the output shown in Figure 2. Each
simulation has three basic phases: warm up, measurement, and drain. The length of the warm up
and measurement phases is a multiple of a basic sample period (defined by sample period in the
configuration). As shown in the figure, the current latency and throughput (rate of accepted pack-
ets) for the simulation is printed after each sample period. The overall throughput is determined
September 10, 2004
2.3 Simulation output 3
// Topology
topology = torus;
k = 8;
n = 2;
// Routing
routing_function = dim_order;
// Flow control
num_vcs = 2;
// Traffic
traffic = uniform;
injection_rate = 0.15;
Figure 1: Example configuration file for simulating a 8-ary 2-c ube network.
%=================================
% Average latency = 6.02008
% Accepted packets = 0.11 at node 52 (avg = 0.147094)
% latency change = 1
% throughput change = 1
...
% Warmed up ...
%=================================
% Average latency = 6.0796
% Accepted packets = 0.119 at node 5 (avg = 0.148266)
% latency change = 0.00562457
% throughput change = 0.00379387
...
% Draining all recorded packets ...
% Draining remaining packets ...
====== Traffic class 0 ======
Overall average latency = 6.09083 (1 samples)
Overall average accepted rate = 0.149475 (1 samples)
Overall min accepted rate = 0.138551 (1 samples)
Figure 2: Simulator output from running the examples/torus88 configuration file.
September 10, 2004
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