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Delphi XE10.2 for linux环境配置
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更新于2023-03-16
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One of the more exciting features of the pending 10.2 release of Delphi and RAD Studio, is support for targeting Linux. In this post, I’m going to step you through setting up your development environment to deploy applications to either RedHat Enterprise or Ubuntu 16.04.
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One of the more exciting features of the pending 10.2 release of Delphi and RAD
Studio, is support for targeting Linux. In this post, I’m going to step you through
setting up your development environment to deploy applications to either RedHat
Enterprise or Ubuntu 16.04.
From here in I’ll refer to RAD Studio, Delphi and C++Builder as synonymous.
Note that neither Delphi or C++Builder have been publicly released for Linux yet,
but at the time of writing there is a Delphi beta available for subscription update
users – ie most likely any active Berlin user – and a C++Builder beta will follow it
soon.
This post is going to become quite lengthy, and there may be parts not relevant
to you. For example, if you already have a running RedHat server, you likely don’
t need me to explain how to install one. Similarly, you may already be familiar with
some virtualization software and don’t need instructions on installing Oracle’s
VirtualBox, I’ll break this post into sections so that you can skip to the parts that
matter most to you.
Selecting a Linux distribution.
You will need
Installing Oracle’s VirtualBox
Creating a Virtual Machine for development.
Installing RedHat
Installing Ubuntu
Deploying the PAServer (required)
Deploying an application.
The scratch-directory.
There are a lot of sections to cover here!
As this post is long with several instructions, I’ll go relatively light on detail here
and provide the installation options and configuration which works for me. If you
have suggestions, or encounter problems following these instructions, or better
yet, solutions to problems, please register and comment against this blog
post so that others can benefit from your experience.
Lets get started.
Selecting a Linux distribution.
Your first decision is going to be which distribution (or ‘flavor’) of Linux you’d
like to use for your application deployment. The Delphi / RAD Studio beta offers
two options which will be officially supported, RedHat Enterprise and Ubuntu
16.04. (*note other flavors of Linux may work equally well, but due to there being
wide variation among the available Linux based operating systems, official support
is limited to these two popular distributions).
So what’s the difference between the two distributions? I don’t plan to go into
lengthy detail on this subject, you can research each platform for yourself to
decide which you’d prefer to use, but I’ll give you some basic pointers to get
started.
A long time ago, as Linux operating systems were becoming popular, two leading
distributions began to emerge from the fog of options. These were Debian and
RedHat. Debian was founded by Ian Murdock under a manifesto which detailed
it’s open source and open standards nature, and under the GNU Public License
with intentions to encourage contributions, towards the development of the
operating system, from it’s user community.
In contrast the Red Hat company released their “RedHat Commercial Linux”,
which was later renamed as “RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)”, with a more
commercial model but along-side free to use, cost free editions named Fedora or
Centos. Their model seemed aimed at merging the benefits of both commercial
and open source development, while promoting the relevance of Linux to
Enterprise customers. Red Hat therefore offer commercial enterprise support for
RHEL, while honoring the open source nature of Linux with Fedora and/or Centos.
If you select RedHat as your target, you can get started for free with their
Developer Subscription, but will need to pay for a commercial license before
deploying your application within your Enterprise. Of course, you could try using
one of their cost free options of Fedora or Centos, which ought to be largely
compatible, but these aren’t officially supported either by RedHat software nor
by Embarcadero.
Ubuntu is a fork of the Debian operating system which is developed and
maintained by the UK company Canonical Ltd, originally founded and funded by
Mark Shuttleworth, an entrepreneur from South Africa. Canonical also offer
commercial support for enterprise users, however, due to the manifesto first laid
out for the Debian system by Ian Murdock, there is no commercial version of the
operating system it’s self. Home users and community members get the same
version of the operating system that commercial customers do, but with
community based support rather than commercial support. If you select Ubuntu
as the target for your application, you can develop and even deploy your
application without paying for the operating system, but if you do, you’ll be at
the mercy of community support having foregone the option of commercial
support.
You will need
1.
RedHat or Ubuntu.
Unless you have an existing server, you’ll need an ISO image (disk image) of eith
er RedHat or Ubuntu ready to be installed onto a virtual machine.
For RedHat, I’ll be using a developer edition, which may be downloaded here (re
quires cost-free subscription): https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2016/03/31/no-cost
-rhel-developer-subscription-now-available/
For Ubuntu, I’ll be using the server edition (LTS) which may be downloaded here:
https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server
2.
Virtualization Software.
I’ll be using Oracles VirtualBox which may be downloaded here: https://www.virtua
lbox.org/wiki/Downloads
Download both VirtualBox for your windows host, as well as the extension pack.
3.
WinSCP (SFTP)
We’ll need a way to transport the PAServer portion of the RAD IDE onto the linu
x machine. For this I plan to use WinSCP which uses SSH to transfer files to our li
nux server. Both versions of linux support an SSH server which makes this conveni
ent. You can download WinSCP here: https://winscp.net/eng/download.php
<- *War
ning* While this is an excellent free tool, this is an irritating website with ads whic
h appear as download links, be careful to download WinSCP and not something el
se.
4.
Delphi or RAD Studio 10.2 Enterprise edition or higher.
Apologies to those of you that are not on the Beta Program and will therefore ha
ve to wait for the official release, hopefully sufficient time has passed between me
writing this, and you reading it, that you have access to a Linux supporting versio
n of either Delphi or RAD Studio.
Installing Oracle’s VirtualBox
Installing VirtualBox is quite easy, but before you get started I should give you a
warning. The installation of VirtualBox will involve installing software drivers for
graphics, audio, networking and other. This will interrupt normal use of your
system. For example, if you are downloading something in the background, your
download may be interrupted by the installation of the network driver. If you’re
listening to music or perhaps an audio tutorial on the integration of procedural
generation techniques into your next video game development project, or some
other audio, it may freeze while the audio drivers are installed. In short, stop
whatever you’re doing and close as many programs as possible before getting
started…
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