Physics Letters B 773 (2017) 391–394
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
The GUP effect on Hawking radiation of the 2 +1 dimensional black
hole
Ganim Gecim, Yusuf Sucu
∗
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
17 March 2016
Accepted
28 August 2017
Available
online 1 September 2017
Editor:
S. Dodelson
Keywords:
Quantum
gravity
GUP
Tunneling
Hawking
temperature
We investigate the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) effect on the Hawking radiation of the 2 +1
dimensional
Martinez–Zanelli black hole by using the Hamilton–Jacobi method. In this connection, we
discuss the tunneling probabilities and Hawking temperature of the spin-1/2 and spin-0 particles for the
black hole. Therefore, we use the modified Klein–Gordon and Dirac equations based on the GUP. Then,
we observe that the Hawking temperature of the scalar and Dirac particles depend on not only the black
hole properties, but also the properties of the tunneling particle, such as angular momentum, energy and
mass. And, in this situation, we see that the tunneling probability and the Hawking radiation of the Dirac
particle is different from that of the scalar particle.
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
1. Introduction
The discovery of the black hole radiation, known as Hawking
radiation in the literature, is one of the milestones to construct
a consistent connection between the relativity theory, the sta-
tistical
mechanics and the quantum mechanics. The nature of a
black hole has been started to be investigated in the framework of
the thermodynamical and the quantum mechanical concepts since
1970 [1–6]. Hawking investigated the thermodynamical proper-
ties
of a black hole in the frame of quantum field theory based
on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle on a curved spacetime.
Since then, the Hawking radiation has been investigated as a quan-
tum
tunneling effect of the relativistic particles from a black hole
[7–14]. Also, the Hawking radiation as a tunneling process of the
particles from various black holes has been studied, extensively, in
the literature in both 3 + 1 and 2 +1dimensions [13–22].
On
the other hand, the suitable candidate quantum gravity the-
ories,
such as string theory and loop quantum gravity theory, in-
dicate
the presence of a minimal observable length in Planck scale
[23–26]. The existence of such a minimal length leads to the gen-
eralized
Heisenberg uncertainty principle (GUP). The GUP can be
expressed as [27,28]
xp ≥
h
2
1 + β(p)
2
(1)
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail
addresses: gecimganim@gmail.com (G. Gecim), ysucu@akdeniz.edu.tr
(Y. Sucu).
where β = β
0
/M
2
p
, the M
2
p
is the Planck mass and β
0
is the di-
mensionless
parameter. Then, the modified commutation relation
becomes
x
μ
, p
ν
=
i
¯
hδ
μν
1 + β p
2
,
(2)
where x
μ
and p
μ
are the modified position and the momentum
operators, respectively, defined by
x
μ
= x
0μ
p
μ
= p
0μ
(1 + β p
2
0
μ
), (3)
where the x
0μ
and p
0μ
are the standard position and momen-
tum
operators, respectively, and they satisfy the usually commu-
tation
relation
x
0μ
, p
0ν
=
i
¯
hδ
μν
. These modified relations play
an important role in physics. For example, in recent years, us-
ing
the GUP, the thermodynamics properties of the black holes
were investigated via a particle tunneling from the black holes. To
include the quantum gravity effect, the Klein–Gordon and Dirac
equations are modified by the GUP framework [29]. With these
modified relativistic wave equations, the corrected Hawking tem-
perature
of various 3 +1 and higher dimensional black holes com-
puted
via a particle tunneling process [30–40]. In this motivation,
we will investigate the Hawking radiation of the 2 + 1dimen-
sional
Martinez–Zanelli black hole by the scalar and Dirac particles
tunneling process under the effect of the GUP. The metric of the
Martinez–Zanelli black hole is given by [41]
ds
2
= F (r)dt
2
−
1
F (r)
dr
2
−r
2
dθ
2
(4)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.08.053
0370-2693/
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.