ADAS法规分析、安全性及系统评价方法研究论文

1 Overview _________________________________________________________________ 3

2 Vehicle technologies and road casualty reduction _________________________________ 5

3 ADAS - a definition _________________________________________________________ 7

4 ADAS - known safety effects _________________________________________________ 7

5 ADAS safety measures - unknown safety effects ________________________________ 21

6 EC initiatives on safety related ADAS __________________________________________ 27

7 ADAS - evaluating measures ________________________________________________ 30

References __________________________________________________________________ 32

1 Overview

savings; in the last few years, primary safety or crash avoidance technologies have started to

contribute to casualty reduction and hold potentially large future promise. At the same time, new

in-vehicle technologies under development have the potential to increase as well as decrease

crash injury risk through introducing new driver distraction and inadvertent behavioural change

that may solve one problem but create another. The safety effects of some of the technologies

that are being promoted widely in the name of safety have yet to be demonstrated. More

promising safety technologies that address large road safety problems and where benefits have

been demonstrated are being promoted in only a few countries or are being taken up at a lesser

rate across EU countries. The European Commission’s Cars 21 strategy (see Cars 21) envisages

an automotive industry that is leading in technology (clean, fuel-efficient, safe, and connected)

analysis of final and intermediate outcome data as well as other relevant data is essential before

wide-scale deployment.

Advanced driver assistance systems – a definition

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are defined here as vehicle-based intelligent safety

systems which could improve road safety in terms of crash avoidance, crash severity mitigation

and protection and post-crash phases. ADAS can, indeed, be defined as integrated in-vehicle or

infrastructure based systems which contribute to more than one of these crash-phases. For

example, intelligent speed adaptation and advanced braking systems have the potential to

prevent the crash or mitigate the severity of a crash. This text discusses a variety of measures

concern to road safety managers. Outcomes can be evaluated in terms of deaths and serious

injuries (final outcomes) or any activity which is causally linked to these e.g., the level of seat

belt use (intermediate outcomes). In this web text an intervention is deemed to have a ‘known

positive safety effect’ if there are results from more than one study done in a similar road safety

context and, where the results are statistically significant and indicate a useful level of

effectiveness. Research in the EU and elsewhere has confirmed that the following interventions

are likely to make a large contribution towards meeting ambitious safety targets and goals (ETSC

2006 eSafety): Intelligent Speed Adaptation (advisory ISA, Speed Alert); seat belt reminders in

all seating positions in new cars, electronic stability control, alcohol interlocks for repeat

offenders and fleet drivers, anti-lock braking for motorcycles and event and journey data

market, hold future promise. In general, most of the devices for improvement of braking and

handling affect driver behaviour, and the questions of driver acceptance, risk compensation and

driver reaction, when the system is activated, are important. For example, and not to be confused

with Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems, Emergency Brake Assist is often cited as a safety

related ADAS. Prospective studies have indicated some benefits, while a study of real accidents

has indicated some benefit, though not statistically significant, when Emergency Brake Assist is

combined with other measures. However, its contribution to road safety is, as yet, not

demonstrated. Collision Avoidance systems offer future promise and are receiving much

attention though, again, the safety effects are as yet unknown.

potential to improve safety. Sweden has been particularly active in promoting evidence-based

ADAS in the national fleet through procurement and in-house travel policies and this approach

is accepted internationally as best practice. An EU crash injury monitoring system needs to be

established to evaluate the design, development and implementation of new in-vehicle

technologies and their short, medium, and long-term impacts on road safety.

Consumer information

Launched in July 2011, EuroNCAP Advanced is a useful and timely tool and comprises a

complementary reward system to EuroNCAP’s existing star rating system. It aims to provide

advice to car buyers about the potential safety benefits offered by technologies which have a

accepted, systematic approach to predict the impact on safety of a new e-Safety system or

package of e-Safety measures. (See discussion in the TRACE project). An accepted scientific

evaluation framework is needed urgently to identify, evaluate, deliver and monitor technologies

which improve safety and to identify and discontinue work on those which introduce new safety

risks. Measures described as e-Safety measures; need to be demonstrably effective safety aids

before they are introduced widely.

2 Vehicle technologies and road casualty reduction

Vehicle safety is a key strategy used in addressing international and national road casualty

reduction goals and targets. Vehicle safety addresses the safety of all road users and currently

comprises measures for crash avoidance and injury prevention (or primary safety); reduction of

modify the performance of safety systems which aims for crash avoidance, assessment of the

human-machine interface, while complex, is essential.

Crash mitigation systems

These refer to active in-vehicle systems which aim to mitigate the severity of the crash.

Examples include intelligent speed adaptation and advanced braking systems.

Crash protection systems

Substantial and evidence-based improvements have been made in the last 20 years and

research has identified continuing large scope for enhanced vehicle safety from improved crash