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射频实测接受灵敏度的方法Practical Sensitivity Testing.pdf

射频

接收灵敏度

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射频理论上介绍何为接受灵敏度，以及如何测试接受敏度。在一些未知信号的情况下，接受灵敏度的测试方法，可以提供新的思路

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Design Note

DN002

SWRA097 Page 1 of 15

Practical Sensitivity Testing

By Morten Engjom

Keywords

• Receiver Testing

• Sensitivity

• PER (Packet Error Rate)

• BER (Bit Error Rate)

1 Introduction

To properly evaluate the receiver part of a

transceiver, it is necessary to be able to

find the sensitivity threshold, i.e. the

lowest input signal the receiver can

decode with acceptable signal quality.

There are several approaches to find the

sensitivity threshold of a receiver, but the

various methods require different levels of

instrumentation. Since our costumers can

be equipped with anything from a full RF

lab to no equipment at all, this design note

covers both simple and more complex

methods. The design note uses

CC1100/CC2500 to illustrate the methods,

but the principles can be used also for any

other of our products.

The sensitivity measurements described in

this document are:

1) PER test using RF generator with

packet option and SmartRF

Studio to receive the packets.

2) Overview of PER test using

LabView and dedicated RF

generator with packet option (for

automated testing).

3) BER test with dedicated BER

tester, using the transceiver in

“synchronous serial mode”.

4) BER test with oscilloscope to

decide the received bit errors.

Transceiver used in “synchronous

serial mode”.

5) PER test using SmartRF

Studio

packet test and attenuators to find

the link budget.

Design Note

DN002

SWRA097 Page 2 of 15

Table of Contents

KEYWORDS.............................................................................................................................. 1

1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1

2 ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................... 2

3 TEST DESCRIPTION...................................................................................................... 3

3.1 SENSITIVITY TEST USING SMARTRF

STUDIO AND RF GENERATOR

/ PACKET OPTION 4

3.2 SENSITIVITY TEST USING LABVIEW AND RF GENERATOR WITH PACKET OPTION ........... 8

3.3 SENSITIVITY TEST USING BER TESTER AND “SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL MODE”.............. 10

3.4 SENSITIVITY TEST USING OSCILLOSCOPE AND “SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL MODE”........... 11

3.5 SENSITIVITY TEST USING ATTENUATORS AND SMARTRF

STUDIO PACKET TEST ........ 13

4 GENERAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................... 14

4.1 DOCUMENT HISTORY................................................................................................ 14

5 IMPORTANT NOTICE .................................................................................................. 15

2 Abbreviations

AGC Automatic Gain Control

BER Bit Error Rate

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

DUT Device under Test

EB Evaluation Board

EM Evaluation Module

FIFO First In First Out

FM Frequency Modulation

FSK Frequency Shift Keying

GDO General Digital Output pin

PER Packet Error Rate

RF Radio Frequency

Design Note

DN002

SWRA097 Page 3 of 15

3 Test Description

All the tests described in this document are intended for either checking the receive

performance of CC1100/CC2500, or to check the receive performance of a design using the

CC1100/CC2500. In both cases it is required to have access to a development kit for the

transceiver in question. Performance of the chip itself can be done by simply measuring on

the development kit, while testing of a design that uses CC1100/CC2500 requires that the

design is interfaced to the SmartRF

04EB board. (SPI lines and GDO lines must be strapped

over to the test connectors on the SmartRF

04EB board). The tests described in this

document need a certain amount of RF equipment. The only exception is the test described

in section 3.5, which only requires a development kit and attenuators.

Two abbreviations that are used frequently in this document are BER (Bit Error Rate) and

PER (Packet Error Rate). These terms are closely linked, i.e. with a given packet length and

BER the PER can be calculated using the following formula:

lengthpacket

BERPER

)1(1 −−=

Note that the packet length includes both sync word and CRC in addition to the payload data

since a bit error in those fields will result in a packet error (for the CC1100/CC2500 in

buffered mode this applies if the sync word detection requires all 16 of 16 sync word bits to

be detected correctly).

In all the tests described in this document it should be ensured that the receiver and

transmitter work at the same RF frequency in order to measure the real (best case)

sensitivity. This can be done by setting the DUT in TX and measuring the transmitted signal

with un-modulated carrier (FSK and 0 deviation), or by measuring the centre of the

transmitted spectrum. This requires access to a spectrum analyzer. Alternatively, the transmit

frequency from a generator or transmitting device can be swept until the best sensitivity is

found.

剩余14页未读，继续阅读

翻译Advances in biomedical sciences are often spurred by the development of tools with enhanced sensitivity and resolution, which allow detection and imaging of signals that are progressively weaker, more localized and/or biologically specific. Improvements in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) have resulted in tremendous progress in diagnostics and treatment, yet further progress in sensitivity and resolution seems to be challenging with conventional methods. However, a promising direction for a new generation of biomedical sensors with greatly enhanced performance comes from advances in quantum science and technology.

经过现代生物医学科学的进步，通常是由具有增强灵敏度和分辨率的工具的发展推动的，这些工具允许检测和成像越来越弱、更本地化和/或生物特异性的信号。核磁共振(NMR)或磁共振成像(MEG)的改进已经在诊断和治疗方面取得了巨大进步，但是使用传统方法似乎进一步提高灵敏度和分辨率存在挑战。但是，量子科学和技术发展提供了一个具有极大提升性能的新一代生物传感器的有希望的方向。

Matrix Diﬀerential Calculus with Applications in Statistics and Econometrics

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