论文研究-从SysML模型自动推导故障树模型以进行安全性分析_rhapsody与故障树

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 2018, 11, 204-222

http://www.scirp.org/journal/jsea

ISSN Online: 1945-3124

ISSN Print: 1945-3116

Automatic Derivation of Fault Tree Models

from SysML Models for Safety Analysis

Bashar Alshboul, Dorina C. Petriu

Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

Abstract

Safety Critical Systems (SCS) are those systems that

may cause harm to the

user(s) and/or the environment if operating outside of their prescribed spec

fications. Such systems are used in a wide variety of domains, such as aer

space, automotive, railway transportation and healthcare. In this paper, we

propos

e an approach to integrate safety analysis of SCSs within the Model

Driven Engineering (MDE) system development process. The approach is

based on model transformation and uses standard well-

known techniques and

open source tools for the modeling and analys

is of SCSs. More specifically, the

system modeled with the OMG’s standard systems modeling language,

SysML, is automatically transformed in Fault Tree (FT) models, that can be

analyzed with existing FT tools.

The proposed model transformation takes

place i

n two steps: a) generate FTs at the component level, in order to tackle

complexity and enable reuse; and b) generate system level FTs by composing

the components and their FTs. The approach is illustrated by applying it to a

simplified industry-inspired case study.

Keywords

Safety Analysis, Model Transformation, Fault Trees, SysML, MDE

1. Introduction

Computer systems are widely used today in a multitude of domains. Individuals,

communities, governments, industry, and organizations rely on computer tech-

nology to produce or innovate many aspects in a variety of areas, such as com-

munication, education, healthcare, transportation, food, services, entertainment.

The increase in the utilization of computer systems has significantly raised their

complexity levels. Furthermore, there is an increase in the demand to build sys-

tems that meet various Non-Functional Properties (NFP), such as performance,

How to cite this paper:

Alshboul, B

. and

Petriu

, D.C. (2018)

Automatic Derivation

of Fault Tree Models from SysML Models

for Safety Analysis

Journal of

Software

Engineering and Applications

, 204-222.

https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2018.115013

Received:

April 13, 2018

Accepted:

May 22, 2018

Published:

May 25, 2018

8 by authors and

Scientific

Research Publishing Inc.

This work is

licensed under the Creative

Commons Attribution International

License (CC BY

4.0).

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Open Access

DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2018.115013 May 25, 2018 204 Journal of Software Engineering and Applications

B. Alshboul, D. C. Petriu

dependability, security, safety. Regulatory authorities and concerned bodies have

put regulations and standards in different domains to control the development

of such systems. This has triggered many research efforts in the academia and

industry targeting the analysis of NFPs.

Dependability is the general NFP of interest in this paper. Dependability is de-

fined as the ability to deliver services that can justifiably be trusted [1]. Depen-

dability comprises five main attributes: Availability, Reliability, Maintainability,

Integrity, and Safety. The last one, Safety, is the specific NFP of interest in this

paper.

Safety is defined as the absence of catastrophic consequences on the user(s)

and the environment [1]. Safety-Critical Systems (SCS) are the type of systems

that can cause harm to the user(s) and/or the environment when operating out-

side of the prescribed specifications. These systems are used in various domains,

such as: aerospace, automotive, railway and healthcare. Safety Analysis (SA) is

performed on SCS to ensure that they are safe enough to be operational.

The survey in [2] performs a systematic literature review on SCS, concentrat-

ing on the evidence artifacts of systems for safety certification, including studies

between 1990 and 2012. It shows that the number of publications targeting SCS

and their safety evidence is increasing in all domains based on their respec-

tive standards. An interesting conclusion is that very few works are using

model-based methodologies to obtain compliance evidence with safety standard.

Many SA techniques have been around for a considerably long time and have

proven their effectiveness in performing SA; hence they are recommended and,

in some cases, mandated by industry standards and certification authorities.

However, applying such techniques imposes various challenges. Two well estab-

lished SA techniques are Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Fault Model and Effect

Analysis (FMEA). Traditionally, both techniques are performed manually in

preliminary stages of the development cycle, but their application is error prone

and time consuming, especially for systems with high complexity.

This paper contributes to an aspect of safety analysis that was found to be less

supported by tools: the automatic derivation by model transformation of safety

analysis models (namely fault trees) from SysML design models of the system

under construction annotated with relevant safety information. The goal is to

avoid error-prone manual work and to maintain the traceability between the

software models used for development and the analysis models used to verify

their NFPs.

1.1. Objective

This paper’s objective is to develop a MDE-based approach with safety concerns

in mind, utilizing standard and well-known techniques and open source tools.

The aim is to integrate safety verification in the model-driven development of

SCSs, allowing its artifacts to be maintained throughout the system life-cycle.

The paper proposes an approach for modeling SCS, with emphasis on

DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2018.115013 205 Journal of Software Engineering and Applications

B. Alshboul, D. C. Petriu

representing the safety behavior by using the OMG standard SysML language.

One of the advantages of SysML is the ability to model component-based sys-

tems, which are used to tackle the system’s complexity and to enhance the ex-

pressiveness and abstraction of the model. Related safety information will be

added to the SysML model using another standard from OMG, the UML Profile

for Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Embedded Systems (MARTE) [3] along

with its extension, the Dependability Analysis and Modeling (DAM) profile [4].

One of the objectives of this work is to support the construction, reuse, and

composition of FTs at the component level. Therefore, we propose a two-step

transformation of SysML models with safety annotations into safety analysis

models. The first step incorporates the component-based development approach

to synthesize component level fault tree safety models, which allow for reuse and

simplification. In a consecutive step, system-level FT safety models are obtained

by composing the component-level FTs built in the previous step. The generated

FTs are used for system safety verification. A visualization of the FTs is also pro-

vided.

Another aim of the paper is to support the proposed method with tools easy to

learn and use. For this reason, we are using existing modeling languages and

notations to represent the system and the safety models, as well as open-source

tools (e.g., Papyrus, Eclipse Epsilon, Eclipse EMFTA).

SysML has been chosen as the modeling language in this approach consider-

ing the following facts as described in [5]. First, it supports the specification, de-

sign, analysis, and verification of systems as a general-purpose modeling lan-

guage. Second, it provides graphical models representing requirements, struc-

ture, behavior, and properties of systems and their components. Third, it is a

standardized and robust language. Finally, it is an extension of a subset of the

standard UML language, which adds the benefit of extending SysML with the

standardized profiles defined for extending UML, such as MARTE [3].

1.2. Overview of the Approach

This section provides an overview of the proposed approach for performing SA

on SysML based models. The main activities are as follows (see

Figure 1).

•

System requirements

(including safety requirements), must be elicited and

specified, whether the approach is applied to a new project or an existing one.

A formal approach covering this activity is still under development. Hence, it

will not be further detailed in this paper.

•

Architecture modeling

utilizing SysML’s modeling power based on compo-

nent-based modeling. The system is decomposed into a set of cooperating

components, composite and simple. Composite components contain in-

stances of other composite and/or simple components, while simple compo-

nents are the most fine-grained level of decomposition and do not include

other components.

•

Internal structure modeling

: specifies the composition and the interaction

DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2018.115013 206 Journal of Software Engineering and Applications

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论文研究 - 从SysML模型自动推导故障树模型以进行安全性分析

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