Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP)

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"该文档是PIMA15740:2000标准，即Picture Transfer Protocol（PTP）的官方文档，由摄影和成像制造商协会发布。PTP是一种专为数字静态摄影设备设计的协议，旨在优化电子静止图片的传输。" PTP（Picture Transfer Protocol）照片传输协议是一种专门用于数码相机和其他图像设备与计算机之间交换图像数据的通信协议。最初由柯达公司与微软合作开发，目的是确保这些设备在Windows XP系统上能被有效地识别和使用，尤其是在网络传输场景下，如创建网络相册、发送聊天图片等。 PTP协议的主要优点包括： 1. **简化设备连接**：通过PTP，用户可以直接在操作系统级别与设备进行交互，而无需安装额外的驱动程序，这使得设备的兼容性和易用性得到提升。 2. **高效的数据传输**：PTP允许快速地传输大文件，如高分辨率的照片，减少了文件传输过程中的延迟和错误。 3. **设备独立性**：PTP协议是跨平台的，不仅适用于Windows系统，还支持Mac OS和Linux等其他操作系统。 4. **设备管理**：PTP还提供了设备管理功能，包括添加、删除、重命名和组织图像文件，以及控制设备上的操作，如拍摄、删除照片等。 5. **版权保护**：PTP可以集成数字版权管理（DRM）功能，保护图像文件免受未经授权的复制和分发。 PTP协议的实现通常分为两部分：PTP主机（如计算机）和PTP设备（如数码相机）。主机通过USB、FireWire或其他接口与设备建立连接，然后使用PTP命令集来控制设备和传输数据。这些命令包括初始化会话、获取对象信息、传输对象、删除对象等。在实际应用中，PTP不仅仅局限于数码相机，也广泛应用于智能手机、扫描仪、3D打印机等设备，只要涉及到图像或文件的直接传输，PTP都可以提供高效、便捷的解决方案。 PTP标准通过提供一种标准化的方法，促进了图像设备和计算平台之间的无缝交互，提高了用户体验，同时也为设备制造商提供了统一的开发框架，降低了设备间的互操作性问题。

PIMA 15740: 2000

Exif/JPEG:

Compressed file format for digital cameras in which the images are compressed

using the baseline JPEG standard, described in ISO 12234, and metadata and thumbnail

images are stored using TIFF tags within an application segment at the beginning of the

JPEG file.

folder:

Optional sub-structure in a hierarchical storage area that can contain data objects.

FlashPix:

Image file format, defined in FlashPix Format Specification, using a structured

storage file containing metadata and a tiled, hierarchical image representation. The tiles are

normally baseline JPEG images, and individual image tiles of a particular resolution can be

easily accessed for rapid display and editing.

ICC profile:

Data file that characterises the colour characteristics of an image capture or

image output device

IEEE 1394

: High-speed serial bus standardised by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers) currently having clock rates of 100, 200, and 400 Mbits/sec.

image aspect ratio:

Ratio of the image width to the image height.

image capture device:

Device, such as a digital still picture camera or a scanner, for

converting a scene or a fixed image such as a print, film, or transparency, to digital image

data.

image output device:

Device, such a printer or film recorder that can render a digital image

to hardcopy media.

in-band events:

Transport only provides one logical connection, so events are transmitted

on the same logical connection as operations and responses. Events are therefore only

asynchronous to the degree of data granularity for which the transport implementation allows

event interleaving.

Initiator:

Device that initiates a conversation by opening a session, and issues all formal

operations to the Responder. The Initiator is analogous to the client in the client/server

paradigm.

IrDA:

Infrared Data Association. Infrared wireless communication system that currently

supports wireless communication at data rates between 9600bps and 4Mbps.

JPEG:

Joint Photographic Experts Group. Image compression method defined in ISO/IEC

10918-1.

LogicalStorageID:

Least significant sixteen bits of a StorageID. This value uniquely

identifies one logical storage area within the physical store indicated in the

PhysicalStorageID.

Most Significant Nibble (MSN):

Most-significant four bits of the most-significant byte.

MSN:

See Most Significant Nibble.

object aggregation:

Act of taking one or more location-specific lists of objects that exists

on a particular device and grouping them together into one set.

PIMA 15740: 2000

ObjectHandle:

Device-unique 32-bit unsigned integer assigned by a device to each data

object in local persistent storage. This handle is provided to external devices, which must

use it to reference that piece of data in subsequent transactions. ObjectHandles are

guaranteed to be persistent over at least a session.

out-of-band events:

Transport provides a separate logical connection for transmitting

events, and events are therefore asynchronous from operation transactions.

PC:

Personal Computer. Personal computing device, which may employ various hardware

architectures and operating systems.

PhysicalStorageID:

Most significant sixteen bits of a StorageID. This value uniquely

identifies one physical storage area on a device, although there may be more than one logical

store per physical store.

PIMA:

Photographic & Imaging Manufacturer’s Association. This organisation serves to

represent the common interests among manufacturers of imaging technology products. See

http://www.pima.net.

PNG

: Portable Network Graphics. Extensible file format for lossless, portable, compressed

storage of raster images. PNG supports indexed-color, grayscale, truecolor, and an optional

alpha channel.

protocol:

Defined mechanisms for exchanging data between devices.

pull model:

Use paradigm for DSPDs where the object receiver initiates the operation

requests to transfer data objects from the sender.

push model:

Use paradigm for DSPDs where the object sender initiates the operation

requests to transfer data objects to the receiver.

QuickDraw picture:

File format consisting of sequences of saved drawing commands,

commonly referred to as PICT.

Responder:

Device that responds to operations from the Initiator. The Responder is

analogous to the server in the client/server paradigm.

session:

Logical connection between two devices defining a period of time during which

obtained state information, such as handle persistence, may be relied upon.

square pixel sampling:

Image having equal sample spacing in the two orthogonal sampling

directions.

StorageID:

Device-specific four byte unsigned integer (UINT32) that represents a unique

storage area that may contain data objects. The most significant sixteen bits of a StorageID

represents the PhysicalStorageID, while least significant sixteen bits of a StorageID

represents the LogicalStorageID.

transport aggregation:

Act of taking one or more transport-specific lists of conforming

devices that are logically or physically accessible in a system and grouping them into one set

that spans all transports across the particular system.

PIMA 15740: 2000

4 Digital Still Photography Device Model

4.1 Overview

Digital still photography devices (DSPDs) are used to acquire digitally encoded still images.

These devices include persistent storage capability so that any digital images and other data

acquired by the device are preserved across power cycle operations unless they are

specifically deleted.

A DSPD might support many different features. This standard supports devices with a wide

range of potential features. However, a small number of features are required for

conformance with this standard, while many others are optional. Clause 4.2,

Baseline

Requirements,

describes the required features and functionality. Annex C,

Optional Device

Features

, describes features that are not required for conformance, but should be

implementable using this standard and its extension mechanisms.

Standard data formats for datatypes and datasets are described in Clause 5,

Data Format

Specification

Clause 6,

Image and Data Object Formats

, describes required and optional support for

particular image and non-image formats and metadata. This clause also describes methods for

associating data objects.

A particular feature set places requirements on the transports used to connect the DSPD to

other devices. Clause 7,

Transports,

describes these requirements.

All DSPDs must store images in some form of storage area. Clause 8,

Persistent

Storage

describes the usage of these stores, as well as the methods for referencing them.

Clause 9,

Communication Protocol

, describes the roles of devices, sessions, and

transactions that transports are required to use in order to communicate with and/or between

DSPDs. Clause 10,

Operations

, lists the standard operations, their corresponding optional

operation codes, and their usages. Standard responses to operations are defined in Clause 11,

Responses

. The use of events is mandatory in order to ensure synchronization between

devices. Clause 12,

Events

, describes events and their usages.

In order to expose device controls and manipulate properties in a common way, a standard set

of device properties and their usages have been defined in Clause 13,

Properties

Clause 14,

Conformance

, serves as a summary of the individual operations and events that

are required to be supported by particular devices, as well as a checklist that can be used by

implementers.

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