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PAS 21448.pdf
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ISO/TC 22/SC 32 N 484
ISO/TC 22/SC 32
Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects
Email of secretary: ikeda@jsae.or.jp
Secretariat: JISC (Japan)
DPAS 21448 SOTIF for voting
Document type: Committee draft
Date of document: 2017-11-15
Expected action: VOTE
Action due date: 2017-02-08
Background:
Committee URL: http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/open/tc22sc32

ISO/PAS 21448 :2018
ISO TC 22/SC 32/WG 8
Secretariat: DIN
Road vehicles— Safety of the Intended Functionality
PAS
Warning for WDs and CDs
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or
posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested
from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland.
Contents
Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................................... 8
3 Terms and definitions .............................................................................................................................................. 8
4 Overview of the SOTIF activities in the development process................................................................ 11
5 Functional and System specification ................................................................................................................ 16
5.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Functional description .................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.3 Consideration on system design and architecture .............................................................................................. 17
6 SOTIF Hazard Identification and Evaluation ................................................................................................. 18
6.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
6.2 Hazard identification ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
6.3 Hazard analysis .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
6.4 SOTIF Risk Evaluation ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
6.5 Specification of a validation target ............................................................................................................................. 20
7 Identification and Evaluation of triggering events ..................................................................................... 21
7.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
7.2 Analysis of triggering events ........................................................................................................................................ 21
7.3 Acceptability of the triggering events ....................................................................................................................... 22
8 Functional modifications to reduce SOTIF risk ............................................................................................ 23

© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 3
8.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
8.2 General ................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
8.3 Measures to improve the SOTIF .................................................................................................................................. 24
8.4 Verification of SOTIF measures ................................................................................................................................... 25
8.5 Updating the system specification ............................................................................................................................. 26
9 Definition of the Verification and Validation strategy .............................................................................. 26
9.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................. 26
9.2 Planning and specification of integration and testing ....................................................................................... 27
10 Verification of the SOTIF (Area 2) .................................................................................................................. 28
10.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................................................... 28
10.2 Sensor verification ......................................................................................................................................................... 29
10.3 Decision algorithm verification ................................................................................................................................ 29
10.4 Actuation verification ................................................................................................................................................... 29
10.5 Robustness and Controllability verification ........................................................................................................ 30
11 Validation of the SOTIF(Area 3) ...................................................................................................................... 30
11.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................................................... 30
11.2 Evaluation of residual risk .......................................................................................................................................... 31
11.3 Validation test parameters ............................................................................................................................... 31
12 Methodology and Criteria for SOTIF release ........................................................................................... 32
12.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................................................... 32
12.2 Methodology for evaluating SOTIF for release ................................................................................................... 32
12.3 Criteria for SOTIF release ............................................................................................................................................ 33
Annex A (informative): Examples of the application of SOTIF activities ................................................ 34
Annex B (Informative): Guidance for definition and validation of an acceptable false alarm rate
in AEB systems ............................................................................................................................................................. 37
B.1 Objective and Structure of this Annex ...................................................................................................................... 37
B.2 Partition of system failures ........................................................................................................................................... 38
B.3 Modelling of the hazardous event .............................................................................................................................. 40
B.4 Analysis of traffic statistics ........................................................................................................................................... 41
B.5 Definition of the amount of data collection ............................................................................................................ 42
References ................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Annex C (informative): Validation of SOTIF Applicable Systems .............................................................. 45
Annex D (informative): Automotive perception systems verification .................................................... 47

4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Annex E (informative) Method for deriving SOTIF misuse scenarios ..................................................... 49
Annex F (informative) Example construction of uses cases for SOTIF safety analysis method ..... 52
F.1. Objectives .......................................................................................................................................................................... 52
F.2. Example of how to analyse the performance limits ................................................................................... 52
F.2.1 Definition of the final goal ...................................................................................................................... 52
F.2.2 How to achieve the final goal. ................................................................................................................ 52
Annex G (informative): Implications for Off-line Training .......................................................................... 54
Annex H (informative): Comparison of ISO26262 and SOTIF .................................................................... 56
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