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Contents
1. Timing Analysis Introduction.......................................................................................... 3
1.1. Timing Analysis Basic Concepts............................................................................... 3
1.1.1. Timing Path and Clock Analysis....................................................................4
1.1.2. Clock Setup Analysis.................................................................................. 7
1.1.3. Clock Hold Analysis.................................................................................... 8
1.1.4. Recovery and Removal Analysis................................................................... 9
1.1.5. Multicycle Path Analysis............................................................................ 10
1.1.6. Metastability Analysis............................................................................... 14
1.1.7. Timing Pessimism.................................................................................... 15
1.1.8. Clock-As-Data Analysis............................................................................. 16
1.1.9. Multicorner Analysis................................................................................. 17
1.2. Document Revision History....................................................................................19
2. Using the Intel Quartus Prime Timing Analyzer............................................................ 20
2.1. Basic Timing Analysis Flow.................................................................................... 21
2.1.1. Step 1: Open a Project and Run the Fitter................................................... 21
2.1.2. Step 2: Specify Timing Constraints.............................................................21
2.1.3. Step 3: Specify General Timing Analyzer Settings.........................................22
2.1.4. Step 4: Run Timing Analysis......................................................................24
2.1.5. Step 5: Analyze Timing Analysis Results......................................................25
2.2. Using Timing Constraints...................................................................................... 41
2.2.1. Recommended Initial SDC Constraints........................................................ 41
2.2.2. SDC File Precedence.................................................................................45
2.2.3. Iterative Constraint Modification.................................................................45
2.2.4. Using Entity-bound SDC Files.....................................................................46
2.2.5. Creating Clocks and Clock Constraints........................................................ 49
2.2.6. Creating I/O Constraints........................................................................... 62
2.2.7. Creating Delay and Skew Constraints..........................................................64
2.2.8. Creating Timing Exceptions....................................................................... 68
2.2.9. Using Fitter Overconstraints...................................................................... 95
2.2.10. Example Circuit and SDC File................................................................... 95
2.3. Timing Analyzer Tcl Commands..............................................................................97
2.3.1. The quartus_sta Executable.......................................................................97
2.3.2. Collection Commands............................................................................... 99
2.4. Timing Analysis of Imported Compilation Results.................................................... 102
2.5. Using the Intel Quartus Prime Timing Analyzer Document Revision History.................102
A. Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition User Guides.............................................................. 105
Contents
Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition User Guide: Timing Analyzer
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2

1. Timing Analysis Introduction
Comprehensive timing analysis of your design allows you to validate circuit
performance, identify timing violations, and drive the Fitter's placement of logic to
meet your timing goals. The Intel
®
Quartus
®
Prime Timing Analyzer uses industry-
standard constraint and analysis methodology to report on all data required times,
data arrival times, and clock arrival times for all register-to-register, I/O, and
asynchronous reset paths in your design.
The Timing Analyzer verifies that required timing relationships are met for your design
to correctly function, and confirms actual signal arrival times against the constraints
that you specify. This use guide provides an introduction to basic timing analysis
concepts, along with step-by-step instructions for using the Intel Quartus Prime
Timing Analyzer.
1.1. Timing Analysis Basic Concepts
This user guide introduces the following concepts to describe timing analysis:
Table 1. Timing Analyzer Terminology
Term Definition
Arrival time The Timing Analyzer calculates the data and clock arrival time versus the required time
at register pins.
Cell Device resource that contains look-up tables (LUT), registers, digital signal processing
(DSP) blocks, memory blocks, or input/output elements. In Intel Stratix
®
series
devices, the LUTs and registers are contained in logic elements (LE) modeled as cells.
Clock Named signal representing clock domains inside or outside of your design.
Clock-as-data analysis More accurate timing analysis for complex paths that includes any phase shift
associated with a PLL for the clock path, and considers any related phase shift for the
data path.
Clock hold time Minimum time interval that a signal must be stable on the input pin that feeds a data
input or clock enable, after an active transition on the clock input.
Clock launch and latch edge The launch edge is the clock edge that sends data out of a register or other sequential
element, and acts as a source for the data transfer. The latch edge is the active clock
edge that captures data at the data port of a register or other sequential element,
acting as a destination for the data transfer.
Clock pessimism Clock pessimism refers to use of the maximum (rather than minimum) delay variation
associated with common clock paths during static timing analysis.
Clock setup Minimum time interval between the assertion of a signal at a data input, and the
assertion of a low-to-high transition on the clock input.
Net A collection of two or more interconnected components.
Node Represents a wire carrying a signal that travels between different logical components
in the design. Most basic timing netlist unit. Used to represent ports, pins, and
registers.
continued...
UG-20140 | 2018.09.24
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Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel, the Intel logo, Altera, Arria, Cyclone, Enpirion, MAX, Nios, Quartus
and Stratix words and logos are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the U.S. and/or other
countries. Intel warrants performance of its FPGA and semiconductor products to current specifications in
accordance with Intel's standard warranty, but reserves the right to make changes to any products and services
at any time without notice. Intel assumes no responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any
information, product, or service described herein except as expressly agreed to in writing by Intel. Intel
customers are advised to obtain the latest version of device specifications before relying on any published
information and before placing orders for products or services.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
ISO
9001:2015
Registered

Term Definition
Pin Inputs or outputs of cells.
Port Top-level module inputs or outputs; for example, a device pin.
Metastability Metastability problems can occur when a signal transfers between circuitry in unrelated
or asynchronous clock domains. The Timing Analyzer analyzes the potential for
metastability in your design and can calculate the MTBF for synchronization register
chains.
Multicorner analysis Timing analysis of slow and fast timing corners to verify your design under a variety of
voltage, process, and temperature operating conditions.
Multicycle paths A data path that requires a non-default setup or hold relationship for proper analysis.
Recovery and removal time Recovery time is the minimum length of time for the deassertion of an asynchronous
control signal relative to the next clock edge. Removal time is the minimum length of
time the deassertion of an asynchronous control signal must be stable after the active
clock edge.
Timing netlist A Compiler-generated list of your design's synthesized nodes and connections. The
Timing Analyzer requires this netlist to perform timing analysis.
Timing path The wire connection (net) between any two design nodes, such as the output of a
register to the input of another register.
1.1.1. Timing Path and Clock Analysis
The Timing Analyzer measures the timing performance for all timing paths identified in
your design. The Timing Analyzer requires a timing netlist that describes your design's
nodes and connections for analysis. The Timing Analyzer also determines clock
relationships for all register-to-register transfers in your design by analyzing the clock
setup and hold relationship between the launch edge and latch edge of the clock.
1.1.1.1. The Timing Netlist
The Timing Analyzer uses the timing netlist data to determine the data and clock
arrival time versus required time for all timing paths in the design. You can generate
the timing netlist in the Timing Analyzer any time after running the Fitter or full
compilation.
The following figures illustrate how the timing netlist divides the design elements into
cells, pins, nets, and ports for measurement of delay.
Figure 1. Simple Design Schematic
data1
data2
clk
reg1
reg2
and_inst
reg3
1. Timing Analysis Introduction
UG-20140 | 2018.09.24
Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition User Guide: Timing Analyzer
Send Feedback
4

Figure 2. Division of Simple Design Schematic Elements in Timing Netlist
reg2
data1
data2
clk clk~clkctrl
reg1
and_inst
reg3
data_out
combout
inclk0
datain
clk
regout
regout
datac
datad
combout
datain
Cells
Cell
Cell
Pin
Pin
outclk
Port
Port
Net
Net
Net
1.1.1.2. Timing Paths
Timing paths connect two design nodes, such as the output of a register to the input
of another register.
Understanding the types of timing paths is important to timing closure and
optimization. The Timing Analyzer recognizes and analyzes the following timing paths:
• Edge paths—connections from ports-to-pins, from pins-to-pins, and from pins-to-
ports.
• Clock paths—connections from device ports or internally generated clock pins to
the clock pin of a register.
• Data paths—connections from a port or the data output pin of a sequential
element to a port or the data input pin of another sequential element.
• Asynchronous paths—connections from a port or asynchronous pins of another
sequential element such as an asynchronous reset or asynchronous clear.
Figure 3. Path Types Commonly Analyzed by the Timing Analyzer
CLRN
D Q
CLRN
D Q
clk
rst
Clock Path
Data Path
Asynchronous Clear Path
data
In addition to identifying various paths in a design, the Timing Analyzer analyzes clock
characteristics to compute the worst-case requirement between any two registers in a
single register-to-register path. You must constrain all clocks in your design before
analyzing clock characteristics.
1. Timing Analysis Introduction
UG-20140 | 2018.09.24
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Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition User Guide: Timing Analyzer
5
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