2013年SaaS工程软件：罗马水道的设计原则与现代保险市场的比较

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《工程软件即服务 (Engineering Software as a Service)：2013 版本》由阿曼多·福克斯(Armando Fox) 和大卫·帕特森(David Patterson)合著，于2014年4月4日首次发行。该书版权属于Strawberry Canyon LLC，强调所有内容未经版权所有者书面许可不得复制或再生产。本书探讨的是云计算时代下的一种新兴服务模式——软件即服务(SaaS)，它将复杂的IT解决方案以订阅或按需的方式提供给用户。在2013年的版本中，作者以美国的HealthCare.gov网站为例，解释了SaaS如何改变了消费者购买健康保险的方式。通过这个平台，用户可以像在Kayak上比较航班或在Amazon上购物一样，直观地对比和选择经济实惠的保险计划，从而实现了在线市场的便利性和透明度。这个举措对于提高公众对医疗保险的认识和参与度起到了关键作用，鼓励每个人分享信息，帮助亲朋好友了解并注册。书中还提到了罗马工程师遵循的建筑原理，引用了塞哥维亚水道作为例子，展示了SaaS在技术领域中的持久设计和创新理念。这些建筑原则与现代软件开发中的模块化、可扩展性和长期维护的理念相呼应，强调了良好的架构设计对于任何技术产品的成功至关重要。该书的技术实现部分，作者介绍了使用LaTeX、tex4ht和Ruby脚本，以及Nokogiri（基于libxml2）来处理XHTML输出的过程。这些工具和技术在编写和转换电子书籍时，展现了SaaS背后的技术复杂性以及如何通过标准化的接口和自动化流程简化用户体验。《Engineering Software as a Service 2013》不仅阐述了SaaS在医疗保健领域的应用，还深入探讨了其背后的理论基础、技术实践以及对传统业务模式的革新影响。对于理解IT行业的发展趋势以及云计算如何改变消费者行为和服务提供者模式，这本书提供了宝贵的见解。

13.1 Perspectives on SaaS and SOA
13.2 Looking Backwards
13.3 Looking Forwards
13.4 Last Words
13.5 To Learn More
♦Appendix A Using the Bookware
A.1 General Guidance: Read, Ask, Search, Post
A.2 Overview of the Bookware
A.3 Using the Bookware VM
A.4 Working With Code: Editors and Unix Survival Skills
A.5 Getting Started With Git for Version Control
A.6 Getting Started With GitHub
A.7 Deploying to the Cloud Using Heroku
A.8 Fallacies and Pitfalls
A.9 To Learn More

students learn how to enhance sparsely-documented legacy code. In priority

order, other requests were making testing a first-class citizen, working with

non-technical customers, and working in teams. The social skills needed to

work effectively with nontechnical customers and work well in teams surely

are helpful for the developers’ whole careers; the question is how to fit them

into one book. Similarly, no one questions the emphasis on testing; the

question is how to get novices to embrace it. Thus, we needed a software

methodology that also works well with legacy code, emphasizes testing,

integrates non-technical customers, and embraces working in teams rather

than as lone wolves.

Coincidentally, about the same time that SaaS appeared on the scene, a group

of developers proposed the The Agile Manifesto in 2001, which was a radical

change from prior methods. One of the founding tenets of Agile is

“responding to change over following a plan,” so it is a much better match to

the quickly evolving nature of SaaS than traditional “Plan-and-Document”

methodologies like Waterfall, Spiral, or RUP. Another Agile tenet is

“customer collaboration over contract negotiation,” which leads to weekly

meetings with non-technical customers. Two critical Agile foundations are

behavior-driven development and test-driven development, which means

tests are written before the code, so testing really is a first class citizen in

Agile. Agile ideas like pair programming and scrum emphasize working

with others. Agile techniques are even a good match to evolving legacy code,

as well shall see.

Therefore, the second half of the book explains Agile in the context of

building and deploying a SaaS application implemented using Ruby on Rails.

In addition, each chapter gives the perspective of the Plan-and-Document

methodologies on topics like requirements, testing, management, and

maintenance. This contrast allows readers to decide for themselves when

each methodology is appropriate for SaaS and non-SaaS applications.

From an instructor’s perspective, these dual views of software development

allow the book to be used for software engineering courses. For example,

we’ve made sure that the material fulfills all the requirements of the 2013

ACM/IEEE curriculum standard for Software Engineering; in fact, roughly

45 of the end-of-chapter exercises come directly from the learning outcomes

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