Gerber文件最新说明书_Gerber文件

Gerber

Gerber文件

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The

Gerber Format

Specification

A format developed by Ucamco

Revision 2018.09

Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com

Contents

Contents ...................................................................................................................... 2

Preface ......................................................................................................................... 7

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 8

1.1 Scope and Target Audience .............................................................................. 8

1.2 Further Resources ............................................................................................. 8

1.3 Reference Gerber Viewer .................................................................................. 8

1.4 Questions .......................................................................................................... 8

1.5 Copyright and Intellectual Property .................................................................. 10

1.6 About Ucamco ................................................................................................. 10

2 Overview ............................................................................................................... 11

2.1 File Structure ................................................................................................... 11

2.2 Apertures ......................................................................................................... 11

2.3 Graphics Objects ............................................................................................. 12

2.4 Draws and Arcs ............................................................................................... 12

2.5 Operations (D01, D02, D03) ............................................................................ 14

2.6 Graphics State ................................................................................................. 14

2.7 Polarity ............................................................................................................ 17

2.8 Blocks .............................................................................................................. 18

2.9 Attributes ......................................................................................................... 18

2.10 Command Overview ...................................................................................... 19

2.11 Processing a Gerber File ............................................................................... 20

2.12 Glossary ........................................................................................................ 22

2.13 Example Files ............................................................................................... 25

Example: Two Square Boxes .................................................................. 25

Example: Polarities and Apertures .......................................................... 26

Example: A Drill File ................................................................................ 30

2.14 Conformance ................................................................................................ 33

3 Syntax ................................................................................................................... 34

3.1 Conventions for Syntax Rules.......................................................................... 34

3.2 File Extension, MIME Type and UTI ................................................................ 35

3.3 Character Set .................................................................................................. 36

3.4 Data Blocks ..................................................................................................... 36

3.5 Commands ...................................................................................................... 37

Command Syntax Overview ...................................................................... 37

Function Code Commands ....................................................................... 37

Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com

Extended Commands ............................................................................... 38

3.6 Data Types ...................................................................................................... 40

Integers ..................................................................................................... 40

Decimals ................................................................................................... 40

Coordinate Data ........................................................................................ 40

Hexadecimal ............................................................................................. 40

Names ...................................................................................................... 40

Strings ...................................................................................................... 40

Fields ........................................................................................................ 41

4 Graphics ............................................................................................................... 42

4.1 Format Specification (FS) ................................................................................ 42

Coordinate Data ........................................................................................ 42

FS Command Syntax ................................................................................ 43

Example .................................................................................................... 43

4.2 Unit (MO) ......................................................................................................... 44

4.3 Aperture Definition (AD)................................................................................... 45

AD Command ........................................................................................... 45

Zero-size Apertures .................................................................................. 45

Examples .................................................................................................. 46

4.4 Standard Aperture Templates .......................................................................... 47

Overview ................................................................................................... 47

Circle ........................................................................................................ 47

Rectangle.................................................................................................. 49

Obround .................................................................................................... 50

Polygon ..................................................................................................... 51

Transparency of Holes .............................................................................. 52

4.5 Aperture Macro (AM) ....................................................................................... 53

AM Command ........................................................................................... 53

Exposure Modifier ..................................................................................... 55

Rotation Modifier ....................................................................................... 56

Primitives .................................................................................................. 57

Syntax Details ........................................................................................... 67

Examples .................................................................................................. 71

4.6 Block Aperture (AB) ......................................................................................... 75

Overview of block apertures ...................................................................... 75

AB Statement Syntax ................................................................................ 75

Usage of Block Apertures ......................................................................... 76

Example .................................................................................................... 77

4.7 Current Aperture (Dnn) .................................................................................... 79

4.8 Operations (D01/D02/D03) .............................................................................. 80

Coordinate Data Syntax ............................................................................ 81

D01 Command .......................................................................................... 82

D02 Command .......................................................................................... 82

Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com

D03 Command .......................................................................................... 82

Example .................................................................................................... 83

4.9 Linear Interpolation Mode (G01) ...................................................................... 84

G01 Command ......................................................................................... 84

D01 Command .......................................................................................... 84

4.10 Circular Interpolation (G02/G03) and (G74/G75) ........................................... 85

Circular Arc Overview ............................................................................. 85

G02 & G03 Command ............................................................................. 87

G74 & G75 Command ............................................................................. 87

D01 Command ........................................................................................ 87

Example: Single Quadrant Mode ............................................................ 90

Example: Multi Quadrant Mode ............................................................... 91

Numerical Instability in Multi Quadrant (G75) Arcs .................................. 92

Using G74 or G75 May Result in a Different Image ................................. 92

4.11 Object Transformations (LP, LM, LR, LS) ...................................................... 94

Overview ................................................................................................. 94

Load Polarity (LP) ................................................................................... 96

Load Mirroring (LM) ................................................................................ 96

Load Rotation (LR) .................................................................................. 96

Load Scaling (LS) ................................................................................... 97

Examples ................................................................................................ 97

4.12 Region Statement (G36/G37) ...................................................................... 100

Region Overview ................................................................................... 100

Region Statement Syntax ..................................................................... 101

Valid Contours ...................................................................................... 102

Examples .............................................................................................. 103

Power and Ground Planes .................................................................... 120

4.13 Step and Repeat (SR) ................................................................................. 123

4.14 Comment (G04) .......................................................................................... 126

4.15 End-of-file (M02) ......................................................................................... 127

4.16 Numerical Accuracy in Image Processing and Visualization ........................ 128

Visualization .......................................................................................... 128

Image Processing ................................................................................. 128

5 Attributes ............................................................................................................ 130

5.1 Attributes Overview ....................................................................................... 130

5.2 File Attributes (TF) ......................................................................................... 132

5.3 Aperture Attributes (TA) ................................................................................. 132

Aperture Attributes on Regions ............................................................... 133

5.4 Object Attributes (TO) .................................................................................... 133

5.5 Delete Attribute (TD) ...................................................................................... 133

5.6 Standard Attributes ........................................................................................ 134

Overview ................................................................................................. 134

.Part ........................................................................................................ 136

Having a question or remark about the spec? Please contact us at gerber@ucamco.com

.FileFunction ........................................................................................... 137

.FilePolarity ............................................................................................. 141

.SameCoordinates .................................................................................. 142

.CreationDate .......................................................................................... 142

.GenerationSoftware ............................................................................... 143

.ProjectId ................................................................................................ 143

.MD5 ....................................................................................................... 144

.AperFunction ....................................................................................... 146

.DrillTolerance ....................................................................................... 154

.FlashText ............................................................................................. 154

.N (Net) ................................................................................................. 155

.P (Pin number) ..................................................................................... 157

.C (Component) .................................................................................... 159

5.7 Text in the Image ........................................................................................... 160

5.8 PCB Fabrication Data .................................................................................... 160

Structure ................................................................................................. 160

Alignment ................................................................................................ 160

Essential Attributes ................................................................................. 160

The Profile .............................................................................................. 161

Drill files .................................................................................................. 161

Drawings and Data ................................................................................. 162

The CAD Netlist ...................................................................................... 162

5.9 Examples ...................................................................................................... 165

6 Errors and Bad Practices ................................................................................... 167

6.1 Errors ............................................................................................................ 167

6.2 Bad Practices ................................................................................................ 170

7 Deprecated Format Elements ............................................................................ 172

7.1 Deprecated Commands ................................................................................. 172

Overview ................................................................................................. 172

Axis Select (AS) ...................................................................................... 173

Image Name (IN) .................................................................................... 174

Image Polarity (IP) .................................................................................. 175

Image Rotation (IR) ................................................................................. 175

Load Name (LN) ..................................................................................... 176

Mirror Image (MI) .................................................................................... 177

Offset (OF) .............................................................................................. 178

Scale Factor (SF) .................................................................................... 178

7.2 Coordinate Data without Operation Code ...................................................... 180

7.3 Format Specification Options ......................................................................... 181

Trailing Zero Omission ............................................................................ 181

Incremental Notation ............................................................................... 181

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