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系泊装备指南第三版pdf
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系泊，是指运用系缆设备使船停于泊位的作业过程。包括系靠码头、栈桥式泊位、桩柱、系泊浮筒和并靠他船等。系泊前必须充分考虑风、流、泊位的长度、方向及其特点等外界条件，还应掌握本船特性，预先做好全盘系泊计划。 [1] 系泊 (mooring) 使船、浮标、平台等安全停留于锚或沉块、岸或系泊浮筒的系统或过程。在有水流的港口，一般选择顶流系泊；在无水流的静水港，当风力超4级时，应尽量选择顶风系泊。
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The OCIMF mission is to be the foremost authority on the safe and environmentally
responsible operation of oil tankers and terminals, promoting continuous
improvement in standards of design and operation.
Oil Companies International Marine Forum
Mooring Equipment Guidelines
3
rd
Edition
(MEG)
Issued by the
Oil Companies International Marine Forum
First Published 1992
Second Edition 1997
Third Edition 2008
ISBN 978 1 905331 32 1
© Oil Companies International Marine Forum, Bermuda
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) is a voluntary association of oil companies having
an interest in the shipment and terminalling of crude oil and oil products. OCIMF is organised to represent its
membership before, and to consult with, the International Maritime Organization and other governmental
bodies on matters relating to the shipment and terminalling of crude oil and oil products, including marine
pollution and safety.
Terms of Use
The advice and information given in this guide (´Guide`) is intended purely as guidance to be used at
the user’s own risk. No warranties or representations are given nor is any duty of care or responsibility
accepted by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), the membership or employees of
OCIMF or by any person, frm, corporation or organisation (who or which has been in any way concerned
with the furnishing of information or data, the compilation or any translation, publishing, supply or sale
of the Guide) for the accuracy of any information or advice given in the Guide or any omission from the
Guide or for any consequence whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with, adoption
of or reliance on guidance contained in the Guide even if caused by a failure to exercise reasonable care
on the part of any of the aforementioned parties.
Printed & bound in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd. Glasgow
Published in 2008 by
Witherby Seamanship International
4 Dunlop Square
Deans Estate
Livingston EH54 8SB
United Kingdom
Tel No: +44(0)1506 463 227
Fax No: +44(0)1506 468 999
Email: info@emailws.com
www.witherbyseamanship.com
iii
Introduction
The shipping industry has always been concerned with safe mooring practices. A fundamental aspect
of this concern entails the development of mooring systems that are adequate for the intended service,
with maximum integration of standards across the range of ship types and sizes. To further this aim the Oil
Companies International Marine Forum frst published Mooring Equipment Guidelines in 1992 and this latest,
third edition provides a major revision and update to the original content to refect changes in ship and
terminal design, operating practices and advances in technology.
Although numerous standards, guidelines and recommendations concerning mooring practices, mooring
fttings and mooring equipment exist, where guidance is given it is often incomplete. For example, the
number of hawsers and their breaking strength may be recommended without any advice on mooring winch
pulling force or brake holding capacity. These guidelines provide an extensive overview of the requirements
for safe mooring from both a ship and terminal perspective and embrace the full spectrum of issues from the
calculation of a ship’s restraint requirements, the selection of rope and ftting types to the retirement criteria
for mooring lines.
A broad-based working group was established by OCIMF to develop the text for this edition with the
participation of OCIMF members and other industry associations, including the International Association
of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO), the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), the Society of
International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO), the International Association of Classifcation
Societies (lACS), the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH), the Nautical Institute (NI) and
the International Harbour Masters Association (IHMA). Valuable contributions were also received from
representatives of rope manufacturers, winch manufacturers, equipment suppliers, shipyards and specialist
consultants.
The following is an overview of some of the substantive changes included in this edition:
Wind and current drag coefcients have been included from earlier OCIMF and SIGTTO publications
•
that are now out of print. All coefcient data is now appended to the Guidelines
the guidance has been expanded to account for site-specifc conditions at terminals and the impact •
on mooring patterns, prompting consideration of the need for more rigorous analysis incorporating
vessel motion and dynamic force calculations
reference has been made to the content of IMO MSC/Circ.1175 •Guidance on Shipboard Towing and
Mooring Equipment and related IACS Unifed Requirements. In addition, guidance on ship’s fttings
associated with both emergency towing, escorting and pull-back and harbour towing includes
relevant content from the OCIMF publication Recommendations for Ships’ Fittings for Use with Tugs
the concept of ´Design Basis Load` has been introduced for establishing the required strength of •
ship’s mooring fttings. The treatment of geometric efects, such as wrap angle on a ftting, has been
modifed to align with practices in other industries and is no longer automatically included within
quoted safety factors
it is recommended that all ship’s mooring fttings should be designed to carry the MBL of the •
attached mooring. The recommendations concerning the strength of ship’s mooring fttings are
based on the principle of rope failure before ftting failure and ftting failure before hull or foundation
failure
recommendations on the marking of fttings are aligned with the requirements of IMO MSC/1175, as •
adopted in SOLAS Chapter II – I, Regulation 3-8
full account has been taken of the introduction of new rope materials, such as those manufactured •
from High Modulus Polyethylene (HMPE), and the related impact on equipment design and
operation. Relevant content from the OCIMF publication Guidelines on the Use of High-Modulus
Synthetic Fibre Ropes as Mooring Lines on Large Tankers has been included
guidance on mooring line tails has been revised in the light of industry experience, particularly with •
regard to their use at exposed berths
revised guidance is appended on the inspection and maintenance of mooring lines. •
These guidelines represent best known mooring technology and practice. It is recognised that it may not
always be practical to retroft all aspects of this technology to existing mooring systems. For existing ships,
where the mooring arrangement does not meet the recommendations described in these guidelines, both
ship and terminal operators should be made aware of the limitations of the mooring system and have
Introduction
iv
Mooring Equipment Guidelines 3rd Edition
contingency plans drawn up to deal with them. The contingency plans should include (but not be limited to)
predetermined environmental limits for berthing, stoppage of cargo loading or unloading, and departure
from the berth.
Alternatives to the recommendations contained in these guidelines should only be introduced on the basis
of a formal risk assessment and should be implemented through a proper change management process. The
guidelines address ‘conventional’ and ‘alternative’ mooring systems, but this does not extend to arrangements
and novel designs, such as those employing vacuum pads. In addition the guidelines are not intended to
apply to vessels operating in extreme environments.
This publication attempts to refne, unify and update selected existing guidelines and to add essential
information that has either been omitted or poorly defned. Care has been taken to ensure that the design
performance of equipment is optimised, while not overlooking the equally important factors of ease of
handling and safety of personnel.
These guidelines represent a recommended minimum requirement and are intended to be useful to ship
and terminal designers and operators. They are not intended to inhibit innovation or future technological
advances. Although primarily addressing tankers and gas carriers, many of the recommendations are
considered to be equally applicable to other vessel types.
With the publication of this third edition, the following documents have been superseded and are removed
from print:
OCIMF
•Guidelines on the Use of High-Modulus Synthetic Fibre Ropes as Mooring Lines on Large Tankers
(First Edition, 2002)
OCIMF •Recommendations for Ships' Fittings for Use with Tugs (First Edition, 2002)
OCIMF •Prediction of Wind and Current Loads on VLCCs (Second Edition, 1994)
OCIMF/SIGTTO •Prediction of Wind Loads on Large Liquefed Gas Carriers (First Edition, Reprinted 1995)
v
Contents
Contents
Introduction iii
List of Figures x
List of Tables xiv
1 Principles of Mooring 1
1.1 General 3
1.2 Forces Acting on the Ship 4
1.2.1 Wind and Current Drag Forces 4
1.3 Mooring Pattern 7
1.4 Elasticity of Lines 11
1.5 General Mooring Guidelines 14
1.6 Operational Considerations 16
1.7 Terminal Mooring System Management 17
1.7.1 Operating Limits 18
1.7.2 Operating Guidelines/Mooring Limits 18
1.7.3 Joint Terminal/Ship Meeting and Inspection 22
1.7.4 Instrumented Mooring Hooks or Visual Inspection of Mooring Lines 22
1.8 Ship Mooring Management 23
1.8.1 Line Tending 23
1.9 Emergency and Excessively High Mooring Load Conditions 24
1.10 Limitations on the Use of Tugs and Boats 25
1.11 General Recommendations 26
1.11.1 Recommendations for Berth Designers 26
1.11.2 Recommendations for Terminal Operators 26
1.11.3 Recommendations for Ship Designers 27
1.11.4 Recommendations for Ship Operators 27
2 Mooring Restraint and Environmental Criteria 29
2.1 General Considerations 31
2.2 Standard Environmental Criteria 32
2.3 Calculation of Forces 33
2.4 Mooring Restraint Requirements 34
2.4.1 Basic Principles of Mooring Calculations 34
2.4.2 Standard Restraint Requirements 36
2.5 Site-Specifc Environmental Data and Mooring Line Loads 37
2.5.1 Most Probable Maximum (MPM) Wave Motions 38
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