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________________________________________________________________________
August 2010 Product Version 10.1
SpectreRF Workshop
Power Amplifier Design Using SpectreRF
MMSIM 10.1
August 2010
PA Design Using SpectreRF
________________________________________________________________________
August 2010 Product Version 10.1
2
Contents
Power Amplifier Design Using SpectreRF ......................................................................... 3
Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 3
Audience ......................................................................................................................... 3
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction to Power Amplifiers ....................................................................................... 3
The Design Example ........................................................................................................... 4
Three Testbenches for PA Measurements ...................................................................... 4
Example Measurements Using SpectreRF.......................................................................... 6
Lab 1: Power Related Measurement (Swept hb) ............................................................ 6
Lab 2: Linearity Measurement (Swept hb with hbac) .................................................. 19
Lab 3: Stability and S-Parameter Measurements (PSS and PSP) ................................. 30
Lab 4: Large Signal S-Parameter Measurement (LSSP Wizard) .................................. 44
Lab 5: Load-Pull Measurements (Swept hb) ................................................................ 52
Lab 6 OFDM based 802.11a/n signal generation flow ................................................ 75
Lab 7: Envelope Analysis (ENVLP and ACPR Wizard) .............................................. 85
Using the ACPR Wizard .................................................................................. 104
Lab 8: Envelope Analysis (fast-mode) ....................................................................... 110
Lab 9 EVM functions for OFDM signals .................................................................. 118
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 129
Reference ........................................................................................................................ 129
PA Design Using SpectreRF
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August 2010 Product Version 10.1
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Power Amplifier Design Using SpectreRF
Purpose
This workshop describes how to use SpectreRF, which includes the new hb analysis, in
the Virtuoso Analog Design Environment to measure parameters that are important in
design verification of Power Amplifiers (PAs).
The hb analysis is one new GUI for the harmonic balance analysis, and has the similar
features with the harmonic balance engine in PSS and QPSS analyses.
Note: The procedures described in this workshop have been kept broad and generic. Your
specific design might require procedures that are slightly different from those described here.
Audience
Users of SpectreRF in the Virtuoso Analog Design Environment.
Overview
This workshop describes a basic set of the most useful measurements for PAs.
Introduction to Power Amplifiers
Power amplifiers are a part of the transmitter front-end used to amplify the transmitted
signal so the signal can be received and decoded within a fixed geographical area. The
main PA performance parameter is the output power level the PA can achieve, depending
on the targeted application, linearity, and efficiency.
Power amplifiers can be categorized several ways depending on whether they are
broadband or narrowband, and whether they are intended for linear operation (Class A, B,
AB and C) or constant-envelope operation (Class D, E and F). This workshop focuses on
the design of narrowband and linear PAs.
PA Design Using SpectreRF
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August 2010 Product Version 10.1
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The Design Example
The PA measurements described in this workshop are calculated using SpectreRF in the
Virtuoso Analog Design Environment. The design example used to conduct the
measurements described in this workshop is the two-stage power amplifier, EF_PA_istg
and EF_PA_ostg, shown below:
The supply voltage is 5 V. There is a simple output matching network in the sub circuit
EF_PA_ostg. The power amplifier is designed to be driven by CDMA I/Q channel
baseband signals, modulated using QPSK schemes with a carrier frequency of 1 GHz.
Typical PA performance metrics are listed in the following table:
Measurement Acceptable Value
Output Power +20 to +30 dBm
Efficiency 30% to 60%
Supply Voltage 2.8 to 5.8 V
Gain 20 to 30 dB
Harmonic Output (2f, 3f ,4f) -30 to -50 dBc
Stability Factor >1
Three Testbenches for PA Measurements
Testbench One
The first testbench drives the PA by sinusoidal sources. In this workshop, you use this
testbench to make general measurements, including:
■ Power related measurements (input power, output power, supply voltage, supply
current, power gain, and power dissipation)
PA Design Using SpectreRF
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August 2010 Product Version 10.1
5
■ Efficiency measurements (drain efficiency and power added efficiency)
■ Linearity measurements (1 dB compression point, IIP3, and OIP3)
■ Noise measurements (NF or F)
■ Stability measurements (K-factors, B1f, and S-parameter)
■ Large signal S-Parameter measurements
You use a Periodic Steady State (PSS) or hb analysis followed by a Periodic Small Signal
(PAC/PSP/PNOISE, or hbac/hbnoise) analyses to make these measurements. (For details,
see Labs 1 to 4 on pages 6-44).
Testbench Two
The second testbench drives the PA by a sinusoidal source with a port adapter added at
the output power amplifier. You use this testbench to generate
■ Load-pull contours
■ Reflection contours
You use the swept hb analysis combined with the parametric analysis tools to measure
load pull. (For details, see Lab 5 on page 52).
Testbench Three
The third testbench drives the PA by modulation signals. You use this testbench to
generate
■ ACPR plots
■ Input and output trajectory plots
You use the Envelope (envlp) analysis to make these measurements. (For details, see
Lab 6 on page 75).
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