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NTIA Technical Memorandum TM-04-406
Color Correction Matrix for Digital Still
and Video Imaging Systems
Stephen Wolf

NTIA Technical Memorandum TM-04-406
Color Correction Matrix for Digital Still
and Video Imaging Systems
Stephen Wolf
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Donald L. Evans, Secretary
Michael D. Gallagher, Acting Assistant Secretary
for Communications and Information
December 2003

DISCLAIMER
Certain commercial equipment, software packages, and materials are identified in this report to specify
adequately the technical aspects of the reported results. In no case does such identification imply
recommendations or endorsement by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration,
nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is the best available for this purpose.
The software described within was developed by an agency of the U.S. Government. NTIA/ITS has no
objection to the use of this software for any purpose since it is not subject to copyright protection in the
United States.
No warranty, expressed or implied, is made by NTIA/ITS or the U.S. Government as to the accuracy,
suitability and functioning of the program and related material, nor shall the fact of distribution constitute
any endorsement by the U.S. Government.
iii

CONTENTS
Page
FIGURES..................................................................................................................................................... vi
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS....................................................................................................................vii
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW .................................................................................................. 1
2.
COMMON APPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................ 2
2.1
Digital Cameras .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.2
Video Transmission Systems...................................................................................................... 3
3.
ESTIMATING COLOR CORRECTION............................................................................................... 3
3.1
Least-squares Solution for Color Correction Matrix .................................................................. 3
3.2
Robust Least-squares Algorithm for Color Correction Matrix...................................................5
3.3
Non-linear Monotonic Transfer Function................................................................................... 6
3.4
Color Space Considerations........................................................................................................ 6
4.
APPLYING THE COLOR CORRECTION ALGORITHM.................................................................. 7
4.1
Digital Cameras .......................................................................................................................... 7
4.2
Video Transmission Systems.................................................................................................... 14
5.
CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................. 16
6.
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................... 17
APPENDIX:
MATLAB CODE ........................................................................................................ 19
v

FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. A digital camera system. ..............................................................................................................2
Figure 2. A video transmission system. ....................................................................................................... 3
Figure 3. Reference test chart (i.e., the original image)............................................................................... 8
Figure 4. Test chart from camera (i.e., the processed image). ..................................................................... 9
Figure 5. Graph of the red component means, original versus processed.................................................. 10
Figure 6. Graph of the green component means, original versus processed.............................................. 10
Figure 7. Graph of the blue component means, original versus processed................................................11
Figure 8. Nonlinear pre-correction applied to the red component............................................................. 11
Figure 9. Test chart from camera after color correction algorithms (i.e., the calibrated image)................ 12
Figure 10. Graph of the red component means, original versus calibrated................................................ 13
Figure 11. Graph of the green component means, original versus calibrated............................................ 13
Figure 12. Graph of the blue component means, original versus calibrated.............................................. 14
Figure 13. One frame from an original video scene (i.e., the original image). .......................................... 15
Figure 14. The corresponding frame from a video conferencing system (i.e., the processed image)........ 15
Figure 15. The processed image after color correction algorithms (i.e., the calibrated image)................. 16
vi
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