Open5G：5G网络的开放生态
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Executive Summary
Three key application scenarios in 5G break the boundaries of communication between human
beings in traditional mobile communications, forcing 5G to support communication of
human-to-machine, and machine-to-machine. However, various application scenarios and
requirements together with emergingly diversified standards and technologies call for an open 5G
(Open5G) network, which is featured with flexibility and customization. This white paper
investigates the concepts, challenges and opportunities of Open5G network. The main contributions
of this white paper is summarized as follows:
(1) Key concepts of Open5G: upon analyzing the technical requirements, the concept of open
networks is provided from three different open levels, namely, black-box, white-box and gray-box
networks. Specifically, black-box open networks provide third-party applications or developers with
supporting services and key network capabilities via open application programming interface (API).
White-box open networks refer to the fully open network, which includes open source software
developing and white-boxing hardware design. The gray-box network is an partial open network,
where telecom operators and the equipment manufacturers cooperatively design the customized
network devices. Then, the overall objectives of open network architecture are figured out. Driven by
developing requirements, open network architecture should decouple network capability providers
and solution providers, enabling the former to effectively design network architectures with finite
resources and reducing the dependence of the latter on the technical details.
(2) Enabling technologies of Open5G: for open core network, 3GPP 5G service-based
architecture is discussed and then MulteFire-based base station and open core network adopting
distributed managements is provided. Centralized unit/distributed unit (CU/DU) architecture of open
radio access network is discussed, featured with open CU, open API to DU, and white-boxing remote
radio unit /active antenna unit (RRU/AAU). After defining the open terminal from the view of
equipment capability and openness, an open terminal architecture is given, including open
software/hardware resource architecture, and open configuration and management layer. The open
methods of physical layer are open API to facilitate end to end network slices and software defined
air interface (SDAI). Meanwhile, based on software defined radio and SDAI, an open smart physical
layer architecture is proposed. Upon introducing free open source hardware (FOSH) platform, the
requirements of Open5G hardware platform are summarized and the open hardware architecture is
presented.
(3) Use case for Open5G: the definition of open source and open API and the relationship
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