VMwarevSphere5.5原厂培训教材1

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VMware® Education Services

VMware, Inc.

www.vmware.com/education

VMware vSphere:

Install, Configure, Manage

Lecture Manual Volume 1

ESXi 5.5 and vCenter Server 5.5

www.vmware.com/education

VMware vSphere:

Install, Configure, Manage

ESXi 5.5 and vCenter Server 5.5

Part Number EDU-EN-ICM55-LECT1

Lecture Manual Volume 1

materials are protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws.

VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at http://www.vmware.com/go/

patents. VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States

and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks

of their respective companies.

The training material is provided “as is,” and all express or implied conditions,

representations, and warranties, including any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for

a particular purpose or noninfringement, are disclaimed, even if VMware, Inc., has been

advised of the possibility of such claims. This training material is designed to support an

instructor-led training course and is intended to be used for reference purposes in

conjunction with the instructor-led training course. The training material is not a standalone

training tool. Use of the training material for self-study without class attendance is not

recommended.

These materials and the computer programs to which it relates are the property of, and

embody trade secrets and confidential information proprietary to, VMware, Inc., and may not

be reproduced, copied, disclosed, transferred, adapted or modified without the express

written approval of VMware, Inc.

Course development: Steve Schwarze, John Tuffin, Mike Sutton

Technical review: Undeleeb Din, John Krueger, Fabrizio de Luca, Raminder Singh, Asif

Rafiq, Andy Cary, Roy Freeman, Garth Miller

Technical editing: PJ Shemenaur, Shalini Pallat

Production and publishing: Ron Morton, Regina Aboud

The courseware for VMware instructor-led training relies on materials developed by the

VMware Technical Communications writers who produce the core technical documentation,

available at http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage i

T ABLE OF CONTENTS

MODULE 1 Course Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Importance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Learner Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

You Are Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Typographical Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

About vSphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

vSphere Editions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

vSphere ICM and VMware Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

VMware Learning Path Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

MODULE 2 Software-Defined Data Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

You Are Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Importance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Module Lessons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Lesson 1: Introduction to the Software-Defined Data Center . . . . . . . . .17

Learner Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Data Center Physical Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Introducing the Virtual Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Physical and Virtual Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

vSphere and the Software-Defined Data Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Reasons to Use Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Resource Sharing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

CPU Virtualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Physical and Virtual Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Physical File Systems and vSphere VMFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

File-System Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

About Private Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

About Public Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

About Hybrid Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

VMware Complete Cloud Infrastructure & Management Suite . . . . . . .37

Review of Learner Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Lesson 2: vSphere Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Learner Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

User Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Downloading vSphere Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Using vSphere Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

vSphere Client: Configuration Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Viewing ESXi System Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

ii VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Viewing Licensed Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Lab 1: Installing VMware vSphere GUIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Review of Learner Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Learner Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

ESXi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Physical and Virtual Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Configuring ESXi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Configuring ESXi: root Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Configuring ESXi: Management Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Configuring ESXi: Other Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

ESXi as an NTP Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Network Settings: DNS and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Remote Access Settings: Security Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

ESXi User Account Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Lab 2: Configuring VMware ESXi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Review of Learner Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Key Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

MODULE 3 Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

You Are Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Importance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Module Lessons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Lesson 1: Virtual Machine Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Learner Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Files That Make Up a Virtual Machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Displaying a Virtual Machine's Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Using the Storage Views Tab to Display Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Virtual Machine Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Virtual Hardware Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

CPU and Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Virtual Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Storage Virtual Disk Thin Provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Virtual NIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Other Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

Virtual Machine Console. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Review of Learner Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Lesson 2: Creating a Virtual Machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Learner Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Provisioning a Virtual Machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

Creating a Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

Choosing the Typical Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Choosing the Custom Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Contents iii

Installing the Guest Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

VMware Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Deploying OVF Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Lab 3: Working with Virtual Machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

Review of Learner Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Key Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

MODULE 4 VMware vCenter Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

You Are Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

Importance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Module Lessons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

Lesson 1: vCenter Server Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Learner Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

vCenter Server: Management Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

vCenter Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

ESXi and vCenter Server Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

vCenter Server Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Additional vCenter Server Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Default vCenter Server Plug-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

vSphere Web Client Plug-In Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Inventory Object: Tagging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Review of Learner Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Lesson 2: Deploying the vCenter Server Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

Learner Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

vCenter Server Appliance Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

vCenter Server Appliance Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

vCenter Server Appliance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

Importing the vCenter Server Appliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Starting the vCenter Server Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

Configuring the vCenter Server Appliance Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . .127

Connecting to the Web Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Configuring the vCenter Server Appliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

Managing vCenter Server Appliance Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Lab 4: Configuring VMware vCenter Server Appliance . . . . . . . . . . .131

Review of Learner Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

Lesson 3: vSphere Web Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

Learner Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

vSphere Web Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135

vSphere Web Client Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

Installing vSphere Web Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

Accessing vSphere Web Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

Selecting Objects with the Objects Navigator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Viewing Object Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

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