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STANDARD
DNV GL AS
The electronic pdf version of this document found through http://www.dnvgl.com is the officially binding version.
The documents are available free of charge in PDF format.
DNVGL-ST-0376 Edition December 2015
Rotor blades for wind turbines

© DNV GL AS December 2015
Any comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@dnvgl.com
This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document. The use of this
document by others than DNV GL is at the user's sole risk. DNV GL does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from any use of
this document.
FOREWORD
DNV GL standards contain requirements, principles and acceptance criteria for objects, personnel,
organisations and/or operations.

Standard, DNVGL-ST-0376 – Edition December 2015 Page 3
DNV GL AS
Changes – current
CHANGES – CURRENT
General
This is a new document.

Standard, DNVGL-ST-0376 – Edition December 2015 Page 4
DNV GL AS
Contents
Contents
CHANGES – CURRENT .................................................................................................. 3
Sec.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 8
1.1 Objectives ..............................................................................................8
1.2 Scope and application ............................................................................8
1.3 References .............................................................................................9
1.4 Definitions............................................................................................10
1.4.1 Terminology and definitions...........................................................10
1.4.2 Acronyms, abbreviation and symbols..............................................10
Sec.2 Design......................................................................................................... 13
2.1 Basic design assumptions.....................................................................13
2.1.1 Design basis................................................................................13
2.1.2 Temperatures..............................................................................13
2.1.3 Specific requirements for higher temperatures .................................14
2.1.4 Specific requirements for lower temperatures ..................................14
2.1.5 Design loads ...............................................................................15
2.2 Interfaces ............................................................................................16
2.2.1 Blade characteristics for load assumptions.......................................16
2.2.2 Root attachment ..........................................................................17
2.3 Load comparisons ................................................................................17
2.4 Design requirements ............................................................................18
2.4.1 Drawings ....................................................................................18
2.4.2 General requirements for design principles and design details ............18
2.4.3 Design requirements for manufacturing tolerances ...........................19
2.4.4 Design requirements for non-conformities and repair ........................20
2.4.5 Geometrical interference analysis...................................................20
2.4.6 Aerodynamic surface contour.........................................................20
2.4.7 Blade surface ..............................................................................21
2.4.8 Blade mechanical characteristics ....................................................21
2.4.9 Lightning protection .....................................................................22
2.4.10 Further documentation (manuals) ..................................................22
2.5 Verifications analyses ..........................................................................22
2.5.1 General ......................................................................................22
2.5.2 Fibre failure (short term strength)..................................................24
2.5.3 Fibre failure (fatigue strength) .......................................................24
2.5.4 Buckling and stability ...................................................................25
2.5.5 Adhesive joints ............................................................................27
2.5.6 Root connections: general requirements .........................................29
2.5.7 Root connections: laminates surrounding a T-bolt connection.............30
2.5.8 Root connections: cross bolts ........................................................31
2.5.9 Root connections: metal insert connections .....................................31
2.5.10 Root connections: stud bolts..........................................................32
2.5.11 Deflection and rotor clearance .......................................................32
2.5.12 Natural frequencies ......................................................................32
2.5.13 Inter-fibre failure .........................................................................33
2.5.14 Special design features .................................................................34
2.5.15 Additional failure modes................................................................34
2.5.16 Metallic parts...............................................................................34
2.6 Intermediate level testing (sub-component testing) ............................34
2.6.1 Purpose of intermediate level testing and general requirements .........34

Standard, DNVGL-ST-0376 – Edition December 2015 Page 5
DNV GL AS
Contents
2.6.2 Intermediate level test results as design values in structural
verification..................................................................................35
2.6.3 Intermediate level testing for supplementing full scale blade testing ... 36
2.6.4 Requirements for test specimens ...................................................36
2.6.5 Test loads and boundary conditions ................................................37
2.6.6 Accompanying analyses ................................................................37
Sec.3 Materials ..................................................................................................... 38
3.1 General.................................................................................................38
3.2 Specifications and qualification requirements ......................................38
3.2.1 Material specifications and qualification requirements........................38
3.2.2 Generic manufacturing process description ......................................39
3.3 Material requirements ..........................................................................39
3.3.1 General ......................................................................................39
3.3.2 Fibre reinforcements ....................................................................39
3.3.3 Resin matrices.............................................................................40
3.3.4 Pre-impregnated semi-finished products .........................................40
3.3.5 Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) laminates ..........................................40
3.3.6 Sandwich core materials and sandwich constructions ........................41
3.3.7 Adhesives ...................................................................................42
3.3.8 Surface finish materials and sealants ..............................................42
3.3.9 Metals ........................................................................................43
3.3.10 Resistance of structural materials against environmental influences ....43
3.4 Material qualification and testing .........................................................43
3.4.1 General ......................................................................................43
3.4.2 Resin matrices.............................................................................44
3.4.3 Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) laminate testing .................................44
3.4.4 Sandwich testing .........................................................................46
3.4.5 Adhesive joints testing..................................................................46
3.4.6 Surface finish materials and sealants ..............................................47
3.5 Design values .......................................................................................47
3.5.1 Derivation of characteristic material values......................................47
3.5.2 Normalization with regard to fibre volume content............................48
3.5.3 Fatigue tests ...............................................................................49
3.5.4 Design values derived from testing.................................................49
3.5.5 Simplified design values................................................................50
3.5.6 Influence of manufacturing effects .................................................50
3.6 Material requirements for manufacturing .............................................51
Sec.4 Full scale blade testing................................................................................ 52
4.1 General.................................................................................................52
4.2 Test blade requirements.......................................................................52
4.2.1 General ......................................................................................52
4.2.2 Test blade manufacturing..............................................................52
4.2.3 Damage and repairs .....................................................................53
4.2.4 Variations in materials, design, or manufacturing methods of
the blade ....................................................................................53
4.3 Blade test specification requirements ..................................................54
4.4 Test laboratory requirements and test witnessing ...............................55
4.5 Test sequence ......................................................................................56
4.6 Areas to be tested ................................................................................56
4.7 Mass properties measurement .............................................................57
4.8 Modal tests...........................................................................................57
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