《Flask Web Development》第一版：2014经典教程

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"Flask Web Development 是一本由 Miguel Grinberg 于2014年出版的书籍，专注于介绍如何使用 Flask 框架进行Web开发。本书详细讲解了使用 Python 的 Flask 框架构建现代Web应用的全过程，旨在帮助开发者掌握这一轻量级但功能强大的框架。" 在《Flask Web Development》一书中，作者Miguel Grinberg深入浅出地介绍了Flask的基础和高级特性，涵盖了从设置开发环境到创建复杂的Web应用程序的整个过程。Flask是一个基于Python的微型Web框架，以其灵活性和可扩展性而受到开发者喜爱。以下是该书可能涵盖的一些关键知识点： 1. **Flask基础**：首先，书中会介绍如何安装和配置Flask，包括创建第一个“Hello, World!”应用，理解Flask的基本架构，如WSGI服务器、请求上下文和应用上下文等。 2. **路由与视图函数**：讨论如何定义URL路由规则，将URL映射到处理请求的视图函数。书中可能还会涉及变量规则、HTTP方法处理和URL反向解析。 3. **模板引擎**：Flask支持Jinja2模板引擎，用于生成动态HTML页面。书中会教授如何使用模板控制结构（如if-else，for循环）、继承、过滤器和宏等。 4. **表单处理**：讲解如何集成WTForms库来处理用户输入，包括验证表单数据、显示错误消息和创建表单组件。 5. **静态文件与URL**：解释如何服务静态文件，如CSS、JavaScript和图片，以及如何正确地引用它们。 6. **数据库集成**：介绍如何使用SQLAlchemy，Python的ORM工具，进行数据库操作，包括模型定义、查询和事务管理。 7. **用户认证与会话管理**：涵盖如何实现登录、注册功能，管理用户会话，以及安全实践，如使用CSRF令牌防止跨站请求伪造。 8. **错误处理与日志记录**：讲述如何自定义错误页面，设置错误处理器，以及使用日志记录模块跟踪应用程序的运行状态。 9. **部署与测试**：讲解如何将Flask应用部署到生产环境，如使用Gunicorn或uWSGI，以及如何编写和执行测试用例以确保代码质量。 10. **扩展与插件**：介绍一些常用的Flask扩展，如Flask-SQLAlchemy、Flask-WTF、Flask-Login等，以及如何使用它们增强Flask应用的功能。这本书适合有一定Python基础，希望通过学习Flask框架来构建Web应用的开发者。无论是初学者还是有经验的开发者，都能从中获得关于Flask的宝贵知识和实践经验。通过阅读和实践书中的示例，读者可以逐步掌握构建复杂Web应用的技能。

The git clone command installs the source code from GitHub into a flasky folder that

is created in the current directory. This folder does not contain just source code; a copy

of the Git repository with the entire history of changes made to the application is also

included.

In the first chapter you will be asked to check out the initial release of the application,

and then, at the proper places you will be instructed to move forward in the history.

The Git command that lets you move through the change history is git checkout. Here

is an example:

$ git checkout 1a

The 1a referenced in the command is a tag, a named point in the history of the project.

This repository is tagged according to the chapters of the book, so the 1a tag used in

the example sets the application files to the initial version used in Chapter 1. Most

chapters have more than one tag associated with them, so, for example, tags 5a, 5b, and

so on are incremental versions presented in Chapter 5.

In addition to checking out the source files for a version of the application, you may

need to perform some setup. For example, in some cases you will need to install addi‐

tional Python packages or apply updates to the database. You will be told when these

are necessary.

You will normally not modify the source files of the application, but if you do, then Git

will not let you check out a different revision, as that would cause your local changes to

be lost. Before you can check out a different revision, you will need to revert the files to

their original state. The easiest way to do this is with the git reset command:

$ git reset --hard

This command will destroy your local changes, so you should save anything you don’t

want to lose before you use this command.

From time to time, you may want to refresh your local repository from the one on

GitHub, where bug fixes and improvements may have been applied. The commands

that achieve this are:

$ git fetch --all

$ git fetch --tags

$ git reset --hard origin/master

The git fetch commands are used to update the commit history and the tags in your

local repository from the remote one on GitHub, but none of this affects the actual

source files, which are updated with the git reset command that follows. Once again,

be aware that any time git reset is used you will lose any local changes you have made.

Another useful operation is to view all the differences between two versions of the

application. This can be very useful to understand a change in detail. From the command

xiv | Preface

line, the git diff command can do this. For example, to see the difference between

revisions 2a and 2b, use:

$ git diff 2a 2b

The differences are shown as a patch, which is not a very intuitive format to review

changes if you are not used to working with patch files. You may find that the graphical

comparisons shown by GitHub are much easier to read. For example, the differences

between revisions 2a and 2b can be viewed on GitHub at https://github.com/miguelgrin

berg/flasky/compare/2a...2b

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, if example code is offered

with this book, you may use it in your programs and documentation. You do not need

to contact us for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code.

For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does

not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly

books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting

example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of ex‐

ample code from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,

author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Flask Web Development by Miguel Grinberg

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above,

feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

Constant width

Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements

such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables,

statements, and keywords.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Preface | xv

How to Contact Us

Please address comments and questions concerning this book to the publisher:

O’Reilly Media, Inc.

1005 Gravenstein Highway North

Sebastopol, CA 95472

800-998-9938 (in the United States or Canada)

707-829-0515 (international or local)

707-829-0104 (fax)

We have a web page for this book, where we list errata, examples, and any additional

information. You can access this page at http://www.bit.ly/flask-web-dev.

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to bookques

tions@oreilly.com.

For more information about our books, courses, conferences, and news, see our website

at http://www.oreilly.com.

Find us on Facebook: http://facebook.com/oreilly

Watch us on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/oreillymedia

Acknowledgments

I could not have written this book alone. I have received a lot of help from family, co-

workers, old friends, and new friends I’ve made along the way.

I’d like to thank Brendan Kohler for his detailed technical review and for his help in

giving shape to the chapter on Application Programming Interfaces. I’m also in debt to

David Baumgold, Todd Brunhoff, Cecil Rock, and Matthew Hugues, who reviewed the

manuscript at different stages of completion and gave me very useful advice regarding

what to cover and how to organize the material.

Writing the code examples for this book was a considerable effort. I appreciate the help

of Daniel Hofmann, who did a thorough code review of the application and pointed out

several improvements. I’m also thankful to my teenage son, Dylan Grinberg, who sus‐

pended his Minecraft addiction for a few weekends and helped me test the code under

several platforms.

O’Reilly has a wonderful program called Early Release that allows impatient readers to

have access to books while they are being written. Some of my Early Release readers

went the extra mile and engaged in useful conversations regarding their experience

working through the book, leading to significant improvements. I’d like to acknowledge

Preface | xvii

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《Flask Web Development》第一版：2014经典教程

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