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Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 24 Hours

transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without

written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of

the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of

this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any

liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33331-6

ISBN-10: 0-672-33331-7

Printed in the United States of America

First Printing April 2011

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file.

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appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use

of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service

mark.

Warning and Disclaimer

Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no

warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as is” basis. The authors and

the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to

any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the

CD or programs accompanying it.

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Editor in Chief

Mark Taub

Acquisitions Editor

Mark Taber

Development

Editor

Songlin Qiu

Managing Editor

Sandra Schroeder

Project Editor

Mandie Frank

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Keith Cline

Indexer

Lisa Stumpf

Proofreader

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Technical Editor

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Mark Shirar

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Table of Contents
Introduction  1
Part I: Beginning C++
HOUR 1: Writing Your First Program  5
Using C++ . .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Finding a Compiler. ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Compiling and Linking the Source Code  . ....................................................................................... 9
Creating Your First Program ..................................................................................................................... 10
HOUR 2: Organizing the Parts of a Program  15
Reasons to Use C++ . ......................................................................................................................................... 15
The Parts of a Program  . .............................................................................................................................. 19
Comments. ............................................................................................................................................................... 22
Functions  . ............................................................................................................................................................... 23
HOUR 3: Creating Variables and Constants  29
What Is a Variable?. ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Defining a Variable. ......................................................................................................................................... 33
Assigning Values to Variables . ................................................................................................................ 35
Using Type Definitions. .................................................................................................................................. 36
Constants  . ............................................................................................................................................................... 37
HOUR 4: Using Expressions, Statements, and Operators  43
Statements. ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
Expressions  . ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
Operators  . ............................................................................................................................................................... 45
If-Else Conditional Statements . ......................................................................................................... 53
Logical Operators . ............................................................................................................................................. 56
Tricky Expression Values  . ........................................................................................................................... 58

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iv
Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 24 Hours
HOUR 5: Calling Functions  63
What Is a Function?  . ...................................................................................................................................... 63
Declaring and Defining Functions . ..................................................................................................... 64
Using Variables with Functions . ............................................................................................................ 66
Function Parameters . ...................................................................................................................................... 69
Returning Values from Functions. ......................................................................................................... 70
Default Function Parameters  . ................................................................................................................ 72
Overloading Functions. .................................................................................................................................. 74
HOUR 6: Controlling the Flow of a Program  81
Looping  . .................................................................................................................................................................. 81
while Loops. ........................................................................................................................................................... 81
do-while Loops . ................................................................................................................................................ 85
for Loops  . ............................................................................................................................................................... 86
switch Statements  . ......................................................................................................................................... 90
HOUR 7: Storing Information in Arrays and Strings  97
What Is an Array?  . ......................................................................................................................................... 97
Writing Past the End of Arrays  . ............................................................................................................ 99
Initializing Arrays . ......................................................................................................................................... 100
Multidimensional Arrays  . ....................................................................................................................... 101
Character Arrays. ............................................................................................................................................. 104
Copying Strings  . ............................................................................................................................................. 106
Part II: Classes
HOUR 8: Creating Basic Classes  111
What Is a Type?  . ............................................................................................................................................. 111
Creating New Types. ...................................................................................................................................... 112
Classes and Members. .................................................................................................................................. 112
Accessing Class Members . ....................................................................................................................... 114
Private Versus Public Access  . ................................................................................................................ 115
Implementing Member Functions  . .................................................................................................. 116
Creating and Deleting Objects. ............................................................................................................ 118