Foreword
"The most amazing achievement of the computer software industry is its continuing
cancellation of the steady and staggering gains made by the computer hardware industry."
– Henry Petroski
We live in the age of distributed systems. Computers have shrunk from room-sized industrial
mainframes to embedded devices that are smaller than a thumbnail. However, at the same time,
the software applications that we build, maintain, and use every day have grown beyond
measure. We create distributed applications that run on clusters of virtual machines scattered all
over the world, and billions of people rely on these systems, such as email, chat, social networks,
productivity applications, and banking, every day. We're online 24 hours a day, seven days a
week, and we're hooked on instant gratification. A generation ago, we'd happily wait until after
the weekend for a cheque to clear, or allow 28 days for delivery. Today, we expect instant
feedback, and why shouldn't we? The modern web is real-time, immediate, on-demand, and built
on packets of data flashing around the world at the speed of light, and when it isn't, we notice.
We've all had that sinking feeling... you know, when you've just put your credit card number into
a page to buy some expensive concert tickets, and the site takes just a little too long to respond.
Performance and responsiveness are a fundamental part of delivering a great user experience in
the distributed age. However, for a working developer trying to ship your next feature on time,
performance is often one of the most challenging requirements. How do you find the bottlenecks
in your application performance? How do you measure the impact of those problems? How do
you analyze them, design and test solutions and workarounds, and monitor them in production so
that you can be confident that they won't happen again? This book has the answers. Inside, James
Singleton presents a pragmatic, in-depth, and balanced discussion of modern performance
optimization techniques, and how to apply them to your .NET and web applications. Starting
from the premise that we should treat performance as a core feature of our systems, James shows
how you can use profiling tools such as Glimpse, MiniProfiler, Fiddler, and Wireshark to track
down the bottlenecks and bugs that cause your performance problems. He addresses the
scientific principles behind effective performance tuning, monitoring, instrumentation, and the
importance of using accurate and repeatable measurements when you make changes to a running
system to try and improve performance.
This book goes on to discuss almost every aspect of modern application development: database
tuning, hardware optimisations, compression algorithms, network protocols, and object-relational
mappers. For each topic, James describes the symptoms of common performance problems,
identifies the underlying causes of those symptoms, and then describes the patterns and tools that
you can use to measure and fix these underlying causes in your own applications. There's an in-
depth discussion of high-performance software patterns such as asynchronous methods and
message queues, accompanied by real-world examples showing you how to implement these
patterns in the latest versions of the .NET framework. Finally, James shows how you can not
only load test your applications as a part of your release pipeline, but you can continuously
monitor and measure your systems in production, letting you find and fix potential problems
long before they start upsetting your end users.
When I worked with James here at Spotlight, he consistently demonstrated a remarkable breadth
of knowledge, from ASP.NET to Arduinos and from Resharper to resistors. One day, he'd build
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