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MPICH3.0.4 用户手册

MPICH

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MPICH3.0.4的官方用户手册，文档内描述了如何利用这一版的MPICH编译、链接、运行用户编写的MPI并行程序以及其他事宜。

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MPICH User’s Guide

∗

Version 3.0.4

Mathematics and Computer Science Division

Argonne National Laboratory

Pavan Balaji

Wesley Bland

James Dinan

David Goodell

William Gropp

Rob Latham

Antonio Pe˜na

Rajeev Thakur

Past Contributors:

David Ashton

Darius Buntinas

Ralph Butler

Anthony Chan

Jayesh Krishna

Ewing Lusk

Guillaume Mercier

Rob Ross

Brian Toonen

April 24, 2013

∗

This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sci-

ences Division subprogram of the Oﬃce of Advanced Scientiﬁc Computing Research, Sci-

DAC Program, Oﬃce of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-

06CH11357.

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Getting Started with MPICH 1

2.1 Default Runtime Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.2 Starting Parallel Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.3 Command-Line Arguments in Fortran . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3 Quick Start 2

4 Compiling and Linking 3

4.1 Special Issues for C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4.2 Special Issues for Fortran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5 Running Programs with mpiexec 4

5.1 Standard mpiexec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

5.2 Extensions for All Process Management Environments . . . . 5

5.3 mpiexec Extensions for the Hydra Process Manager . . . . . 5

5.4 Extensions for SMPD Process Management Environment . . 5

5.4.1 mpiexec arguments for SMPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5.5 Extensions for the gforker Process Management Environment 8

5.5.1 mpiexec arguments for gforker . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

5.6 Restrictions of the remshell Process Management Environment 10

5.7 Using MPICH with SLURM and PBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.7.1 OSC mpiexec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

6 Debugging 11

6.1 TotalView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

7 Checkpointing 12

7.1 Conﬁguring for checkpointing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

7.2 Taking checkpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

8 Other Tools Provided with MPICH 14

9 MPICH under Windows 14

9.1 Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

9.2 Compiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

9.3 Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

A Frequently Asked Questions 16

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1 Introduction

This manual assumes that MPICH has already been installed. For instruc-

tions on how to install MPICH, see the MPICH Installer’s Guide, or the

README in the top-level MPICH directory. This manual explains how to

compile, link, and run MPI applications, and use certain tools that come

with MPICH. This is a preliminary version and some sections are not com-

plete yet. However, there should be enough here to get you started with

MPICH.

2 Getting Started with MPICH

MPICH is a high-performance and widely portable implementation of the

MPI Standard, designed to implement all of MPI-1, MPI-2, and MPI-3 (in-

cluding dynamic process management, one-sided operations, parallel I/O,

and other extensions). The MPICH Installer’s Guide provides some infor-

mation on MPICH with respect to conﬁguring and installing it. Details on

compiling, linking, and running MPI programs are described below.

2.1 Default Runtime Environment

MPICH provides a separation of process management and communication.

The default runtime environment in MPICH is called Hydra. Other process

managers are also available.

2.2 Starting Parallel Jobs

MPICH implements mpiexec and all of its standard arguments, together

with some extensions. See Section 5.1 for standard arguments to mpiexec

and various subsections of Section 5 for extensions particular to various

process management systems.

2.3 Command-Line Arguments in Fortran

MPICH1 (more precisely MPICH1’s mpirun) required access to command

line arguments in all application programs, including Fortran ones, and

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