Verilog HDL设计与合成权威指南（第二版）：实践与标准详解

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《Verilog HDL：数字设计与合成指南（第二版）》是一本经典的入门级教程，专为Verilog HDL的用户，无论经验丰富的老手还是新手，精心编撰而成。作者Samir Palnitkar以其深入浅出的方式讲解了Verilog HDL语言，强调的是其实用设计和验证视角，而非仅仅局限于语言层面。本书全面遵循IEEE 1364-2001 Verilog HDL标准，提供了全面的介绍，包括但不限于： 1. 当代最先进的验证方法论：书中详细探讨了如何利用Verilog进行高效、精确的设计验证，确保系统功能正确性。 2. 语言模型多样性：涵盖门级（Gate）、数据流（RTL）、行为（Behavioral）以及开关（Switch）模型的构建，使读者能够根据实际项目需求灵活选择模型。 3. 编程语言接口（PLI）的入门：PLI是Verilog中用于实现自定义硬件抽象层（Hardware Abstraction Layer, HAL）的重要工具，通过学习这部分内容，用户可以更好地控制硬件设计过程。 4. 逻辑综合方法论：深入讲解了如何将Verilog描述转换成实际的集成电路（Integrated Circuit, IC）设计，涉及逻辑优化、面积和性能权衡等关键步骤。 5. 时序和延迟模拟：解释了在设计过程中如何理解和处理时序约束，这对于确保电路性能至关重要。 6. 用户自定义元器件（User-Defined Primitives, UDPs）：书中介绍了如何创建和使用这些定制模块，提升设计灵活性。 7. 实用建模技巧：提供了许多实用建议，帮助读者在设计过程中避免常见问题，提高设计效率。 8. 内容丰富：包含超过300个插图、实例和练习题，以及一个完整的Verilog资源列表，便于读者进一步探索和实践。 9. 学习目标与章节总结：每章都明确了学习目标，并配有简短的总结，方便读者跟踪学习进度。出版信息：该书由Prentice Hall PTR出版，于2003年2月21日发行，ISBN号为0-13-044911-3，共计496页。版权声明指出所有权利保留，由Sun Microsystems Inc.享有，地址位于美国加利福尼亚州山景城。《Verilog HDL：数字设计与合成指南（第二版）》是一本既实用又详尽的Verilog学习和应用指南，对于希望掌握这门重要设计语言的工程师来说，无疑是一份不可或缺的参考资料。

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convenient way to do checking in the most important parts of a design.

New verification languages have also gained rapid acceptance. These languages

combine the parallelism and hardware constructs from HDLs with the object oriented

nature of C++. These languages also provide support for automatic stimulus

creation, checking, and coverage. However, these languages do not replace Verilog

HDL. They simply boost the productivity of the verification process. Verilog HDL is

still needed to describe the design.

For very high-speed and timing-critical circuits like microprocessors, the gate-level

netlist provided by logic synthesis tools is not optimal. In such cases, designers often

mix gate-level description directly into the RTL description to achieve optimum

results. This practice is opposite to the high-level design paradigm, yet it is

frequently used for high-speed designs because designers need to squeeze the last

bit of timing out of circuits, and EDA tools sometimes prove to be insufficient to

achieve the desired results.

Another technique that is used for system-level design is a mixed bottom-up

methodology where the designers use either existing Verilog HDL modules, basic

building blocks, or vendor-supplied core blocks to quickly bring up their system

simulation. This is done to reduce development costs and compress design

schedules. For example, consider a system that has a CPU, graphics chip, I/O chip,

and a system bus. The CPU designers would build the next-generation CPU

themselves at an RTL level, but they would use behavioral models for the graphics

chip and the I/O chip and would buy a vendor-supplied model for the system bus.

Thus, the system-level simulation for the CPU could be up and running very quickly

and long before the RTL descriptions for the graphics chip and the I/O chip are

completed.

affecting the rest of the design.

In Figure 2-5, ripple carry counter, T_FF, D_FF are examples of modules. In Verilog,

a module is declared by the keyword module. A corresponding keyword endmodule

must appear at the end of the module definition. Each module must have a

module_name, which is the identifier for the module, and a module_terminal_list,

which describes the input and output terminals of the module.

module <module_name> (<module_terminal_list>);

...

...

endmodule

Specifically, the T-flipflop could be defined as a module as follows:

module T_FF (q, clock, reset);

endmodule

Verilog is both a behavioral and a structural language. Internals of each module can

be defined at four levels of abstraction, depending on the needs of the design. The

module behaves identically with the external environment irrespective of the level of

abstraction at which the module is described. The internals of the module are hidden

from the environment. Thus, the level of abstraction to describe a module can be

changed without any change in the environment. These levels will be studied in

detail in separate chapters later in the book. The levels are defined below.

 Behavioral or algorithmic level

This is the highest level of abstraction provided by Verilog HDL. A module can

be implemented in terms of the desired design algorithm without concern for

the hardware implementation details. Designing at this level is very similar to

C programming.

 Dataflow level

At this level, the module is designed by specifying the data flow. The designer

is aware of how data flows between hardware registers and how the data is

processed in the design.

 Gate level

The module is implemented in terms of logic gates and interconnections

between these gates. Design at this level is similar to describing a design in

terms of a gate-level logic diagram.

 Switch level

This is the lowest level of abstraction provided by Verilog. A module can be

implemented in terms of switches, storage nodes, and the interconnections

between them. Design at this level requires knowledge of switch-level

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