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Windows Server High Availability with Microsoft MPIO

www.Microsoft.com/MPIO

Microsoft Corporation

Published: January 2009

Abstract

A growing number of organizations require that their data be available 24x7, year round. To meet this

requirement, centralized storage must be readily available and immune to outages at all times .The

Microsoft Multipath I/O (MPIO) framework provides support for multiple data paths to storage to improve

fault tolerance of connection to storage, and may in some cases provide greater aggregate throughput

by using multiple paths at the same time.

This whitepaper is intended for the following groups:

 The IT executive who is responsible for ensuring data is highly reliable and available and

makes the relevant procurement and evaluation decisions. The first half of this paper focuses

upon the executive, providing an overview of the problem and the Microsoft implemented

solution.

 The storage administrator who is ultimately responsible for ensuring that an organization’s data

remains highly available. The second half of the paper addresses the needs of the storage

administrator and includes a trouble shooting section

 Storage vendors who target Multi-Path solutions using the Microsoft MPIO framework in

Windows Sever 2008 and Windows Server 2003 family of operating systems. .

Highly Available Storage: Multipath Solutions in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2003

Contents

High Availability Solutions........................................................................................................................... 3

Application Availability through Failover Clustering................................................................................... 3

Storage Redundancy through RAID ........................................................................................................... 3

Storage Availability through MPIO.............................................................................................................. 3

MPIO Solutions .............................................................................................................................................. 5

Multipath solutions in Windows Server 2008 ......................................................................................... 5

Making MPIO-Based Solutions Work ......................................................................................................... 7

Device Discovery and Enumeration ........................................................................................................... 7

Unique Storage Device Identifier ................................................................................................................ 8

Dynamic Load Balancing............................................................................................................................. 8

Error Handling, Failover and Recovery ...................................................................................................... 8

Differences in load balancing terminology:............................................................................................. 8

Differences in failover technology: .......................................................................................................... 9

The Windows Storage Stack and Drivers................................................................................................11

Storage Stack and Device Drivers............................................................................................................11

DSM Management .................................................................................................................................13

MPIO Drivers in Windows Server 2008....................................................................................................13

MPIO DSM .................................................................................................................................................13

Device Initialization ................................................................................................................................14

MPIO device discovery..............................................................................................................................14

Request Handling...................................................................................................................................15

Error Handling ........................................................................................................................................16

Details of the Windows Server 2008 Microsoft DSM...........................................................................16

Using MPIO on Windows Server 2008......................................................................................................18

Adding MPIO Support on Windows Server 2008 ....................................................................................18

MPIO Configuration and DSM installation................................................................................................21

How to configure the Load Balance policy for a LUN:.............................................................................26

Troubleshooting Examples:.......................................................................................................................29

Verify whether the storage is correctly setup with MPIO.....................................................................29

Highly Available Storage: Multipath Solutions in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2003

Using mpclaim.exe to configure MPIO on Windows Server 2008.......................................................31

Add MPIO support for FC device(s):.....................................................................................................31

Add MPIO support for iSCSI devices:...................................................................................................32

Add MPIO support for all devices that are multipathed:......................................................................32

Remove MPIO support for FC device(s): .............................................................................................32

Remove MPIO support for iSCSI devices: ...........................................................................................32

Remove MPIO support for all devices on the system:.........................................................................32

Installation of MPIO on Server Core installations of Windows Server 2008 ....................................34

To install MPIO on server core:.............................................................................................................35

To remove the MPIO feature on server core:.......................................................................................35

Access the MPIO control panel on server core:...................................................................................35

Appendix A – Script Example : Query the MPIO Policy for a device..................................................36

Appendix B – MPIO & DSM Configuration and best practices ............................................................38

To search for hardware ID’s registered with more than one DSM:.....................................................39

To add a hardware ID to be used with MPIO: ......................................................................................40

Appendix C – Determining the Hardware ID to be used with MPIO....................................................42

Appendix D – Enabling software tracing for MPIO ................................................................................45

Appendix E - MPIO timers ..........................................................................................................................47

Appendix F – Acronyms:............................................................................................................................48

Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................49

Resources.....................................................................................................................................................50

Highly Available Storage: Multipath Solutions in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2003

High Availability Solutions

Keeping mission-critical data continuously available has become a requirement over a wider range

of customer segments from small business to datacenter environments. Enterprise environments

using Windows Server require 99.999 percent uptime for all key workloads including file server,

database, messaging and other line of business applications. This level of availability can be

difficult and very costly to achieve and it requires that redundancy be built in at multiple levels:

storage redundancy, backups to separate recovery servers, server clustering, and redundancy of

the physical path components.

Application Availability through Failover Clustering

Clustering is the use of multiple servers, Host Bus Adapters (HBA’s), and storage devices that work

together to provide users with high application availability. If a server experiences a hardware

failure, or is temporarily unavailable, end users are still able to transparently access data or

applications on a redundant cluster node. In addition to providing redundancy at the server level,

Clustering can also be used as a tool to minimize the downtime required for patch management

and hardware maintenance. Clustering solutions require software that enables transparent failover

between systems. Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) or Microsoft Cluster Server (MSCS)

as it was previously known is one such solution that is included with the Enterprise Edition and

Datacenter versions of Microsoft Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2003.

Storage Redundancy through RAID

High availability solutions based on redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID) have been in use

with mainframe equipment for several decades, and have been supported in the Windows

operating system since the first release of Windows NT. RAID solutions provide protection of data

through the use of redundant disks, which can be configured for both fault tolerance and/or

improved performance.

Storage Availability through MPIO

The Microsoft MPIO framework allows Windows to manage and efficiently use up to 32 paths from

storage devices and applications/operating systems. Although both MPIO and WSFC result in high

availability and improved performance, they are not equivalent concepts. While clustering provides

high application availability and tolerance of server failure, MPIO provides fault tolerant connectivity

to storage. By employing MPIO and WSFC together as complimentary technologies users are able

to mitigate the risk of a system outage at both the hardware and application levels.

Note: When using the iSCSI Software Boot initiator, a maximum of 2 paths to the boot volume are

supported.

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