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55
Boson NetSim for CCNA Lab Manual
NETSIM FOR CCNA LAB MANUAL
Lab Primer
Lab Primer
Lesson 1: Introduction to the Cisco Router
Command-Line Interface
Modes
User Mode vs. Privileged Mode
User mode is indicated by the > prompt next to the router name. In user mode, you can look at some of the
router’s settings. In privileged mode (indicated by the # prompt), you can use the different show commands to
display all of the router’s settings.
Router>
Router>enable
Router#
The Enable and Enable Secret Passwords
You can set an enable password to control access to privileged mode. This is a very important password because,
WHENITISCONlGUREDONLYTHOSEWHOKNOWTHEPASSWORDCANMAKECONlGURATIONCHANGESINPRIVILEGEDMODE4O
SETTHEENABLEPASSWORDYOUMUSTlRSTENTERCONlGURATIONMODEBYUSINGTHECONlGURETERMINAL command at
the privileged mode prompt.
Router>
Router>enable
Router#config term
Router(config)#enable password boson
You can securely encrypt an enable password by using the enable secret command.
Router(config)#enable secret cisco
The enable secretCOMMANDDElNESTHEENABLESECRETPASSWORDUSEDTOPROTECTACCESSTOPRIVILEGEDCOMMANDS
The password is case-sensitive. A password set with the enable password command is stored as clear text,
whereas a password set with the enable secretCOMMANDISENCRYPTED&ORSECURITYPURPOSESCONlGURINGTHE
router with an enable secret password is preferred. The enable secret password always takes precedence if both
the enable secret password and the enable password are set.
#ONlGURATION-ODE
&ROMPRIVILEGEDMODEYOUCANENTERCONlGURATIONMODEBYUSINGTHECONlGURETERMINAL command. To exit con-
lGURATIONMODETYPETHEend command or press the CTRL+Z key combination.
Router#config t
Router(config)#end
Router#
56 Boson NetSim for CCNA Lab Manual
NETSIM FOR CCNA LAB MANUAL
Lab Primer
Accessing Help
To view all commands available from a mode, type ?; you do not have to press the ENTER key after typing the
question mark. This will display a list of all available commands in the current mode. You can also use the
question mark after you have started typing a command. For example, if you want to see all commands that can
be used with the show command, type show ? at the # prompt.
Router#show ?
access-expression List access expression
access-lists List access lists
backup Backup status
cdp CDP information
clock Display the system clock
cls DLC user information
compress Show compression statistics
configuration Contents of Non-Volatile memory
--More--
The Host Name
4HEROUTERSHOSTNAMEISUSEDFORLOCALIDENTIlCATION7HENYOULOGONTOTHEROUTERYOUSEETHEHOSTNAME4HE
host name is also visible via Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP). However, the host name is not used for TCP/IP ad-
dress resolution. The following code demonstrates how to set the host name of a router or switch.
Router>
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname Router1
Router1(config)#
2UNNING#ONlGURATION
4HECURRENTLYACTIVECONlGURATIONSCRIPTRUNNINGONTHEROUTERISREFERREDTOASTHERUNNINGCONlG in the router’s
COMMANDLINEINTERFACE#,).OTETHATPRIVILEGEDMODEISREQUIREDTODISPLAYTHERUNNINGCONlGURATION4HE
RUNNINGCONlGURATIONSCRIPTISNOTAUTOMATICALLYSAVEDONA#ISCOROUTERANDWILLBELOSTINTHEEVENTOFAPOWER
FAILURE4HERUNNINGCONlGURATIONMUSTBEMANUALLYSAVEDWITHTHECOPYRUNNINGCONlGSTARTUPCONlG command.
The following is an example of the type of output you will see when you run the SHOWRUNNINGCONlG command.
Router>
Router>enable
Router#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 12.0
!
hostname Router
!
interface Serial0
57
Boson NetSim for CCNA Lab Manual
NETSIM FOR CCNA LAB MANUAL
Lab Primer
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface BRI0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address
shutdown
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
end
Router#
3TARTUP#ONlGURATION
4HESTOREDCONlGURATIONUSEDTOBOOTTHEROUTERISREFERREDTOASTHESTARTUPCONlG in the router’s CLI. If you
DECIDEYOUWOULDLIKETOSTARTCONlGURINGAROUTERFROMSCRATCHYOUWILLNEEDTORELOADTHEROUTERMAKINGSURE
YOUHAVEDELETEDTHESTARTUPCONlGlLETHATISSTOREDIN.62!-4ODOTHISYOUWILLlRSTNEEDTOUSETHEerase
STARTUPCONlGCOMMANDTOERASETHECONlGURATIONlLESTOREDIN.62!-.EXTYOUWILLNEEDTORELOADTHEROUTER
DONOTSAVETHECONlGURATIONSWHENPROMPTED
Router#erase startup-config
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
Router#reload
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
Lesson 2: Basic Commands
Show Commands
Show Version
The show versionCOMMANDDISPLAYSMUCHMOREINFORMATIONTHANYOUMAYREALIZEATlRST9OUCANUSEshow
version to obtain critical information, such as the router platform type, the operating system revision, the
OPERATINGSYSTEMSLASTBOOTTIMEANDlLELOCATIONTHEAMOUNTOFMEMORYTHENUMBEROFINTERFACESANDTHE
CONlGURATIONREGISTER4HEFOLLOWINGISANEXAMPLEOFTHETYPEOFOUTPUTYOUWILLSEEWHENYOUISSUETHEshow
version command.
58 Boson NetSim for CCNA Lab Manual
NETSIM FOR CCNA LAB MANUAL
Lab Primer
Router>show version
Router1 Operating System Software
Router uptime is 2 minutes
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is “flash:c2500.bin”
[output ommitted]
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
1 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
1 ISDN Basic Rate interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0x2102
Show Protocols
4OVIEW,AYERINFORMATIONFORALLINTERFACESCURRENTLYCONlGUREDONTHEROUTERUSETHEshow protocols command.
The following is an example of the type of output you will see when you issue the show protocols command.
Router>show protocols
Global values:
Internet Protocol routing is enabled
BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is Down
Ethernet0 is administratively down, line protocol is Down
Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is Down
Show Flash
&LASHMEMORYISASPECIALKINDOFMEMORYTHATCONTAINSTHEOPERATINGSYSTEMIMAGElLESFORTHEROUTER5NLIKE
REGULARROUTERMEMORYmASHMEMORYCONTINUESTOMAINTAINTHElLEIMAGEEVENAFTERPOWERISLOST4HEFOLLOWING
is an example of the type of output you will see when you issue the SHOWmASH command.
Router>show flash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 3015588 c2500.bin
[3015652 bytes used, 1178652 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Show History
By default, the router’s command-line interface (CLI) maintains in memory the last 10 commands you have
entered. This default value can be changed. You can use one of two methods to cycle through previous router
commands entered since the last power loss. To simultaneously view all of the past commands still in router
memory, use the show history command. For single-line retrieval, use either the UP ARROW key or the CTRL+P
key combination to see the previous command, and use either the DOWN ARROW key or the CTRL+N key combi-
nation to see the next command.
Router>show history
59
Boson NetSim for CCNA Lab Manual
NETSIM FOR CCNA LAB MANUAL
Lab Primer
show version
show protocols
show flash
enable
show running-config
disable
show history
Show Clock
The router keeps its own clock that can be used to synchronize devices. The show clock command displays
the clock.
Router#show clock
*00:38:35.755 UTC Mon Mar 1 1993
Router#
Show Hosts
You can create a list of host names on your router. You can view the entries (if any) by typing show hosts.
Router#show hosts
Default domain is not set
Name/address lookup uses static mappings
Host Flags Age Type Address(es)
Router#
Show Users
The show users command displays users who are connected to the router.
Router#show users
Line User Host(s) Idle Location
* 0 con 0 idle 00:00:00
Router#
Show Interfaces
The show interfacesCOMMANDDISPLAYSSTATISTICSFORALLINTERFACESCONlGUREDONTHEROUTER
Router#show interfaces
BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is BRI
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of “show interface” counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queuing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total)
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