Linux下IPv6指南（Howto）

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Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en)

Peter Bieringer

pb at bieringer dot de

Revision History

Revision Release 0.49 2005−10−03 Revised by: PB

See revision history for more

Revision Release 0.48.1 2005−01−15 Revised by: PB

See revision history for more

Revision Release 0.48 2005−01−11 Revised by: PB

See revision history for more

Revision Release 0.47.1 2005−01−01 Revised by: PB

See revision history for more

Revision Release 0.47 2004−08−30 Revised by: PB

See revision history for more

Revision Release 0.46 2004−03−16 Revised by: PB

See revision history for more

The goal of the Linux IPv6 HOWTO is to answer both basic and advanced questions about IPv6 on the Linux

operating system. This HOWTO will provide the reader with enough information to install, configure, and use

IPv6 applications on Linux machines.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. General..............................................................................................................................................1

1.1. Copyright, license and others............................................................................................................1

1.1.1. Copyright.................................................................................................................................1

1.1.2. License.....................................................................................................................................1

1.1.3. About the author......................................................................................................................1

1.2. Category............................................................................................................................................2

1.3. Version, History and To−Do............................................................................................................2

1.3.1. Version....................................................................................................................................2

1.3.2. History.....................................................................................................................................2

1.3.3. To−Do.....................................................................................................................................3

1.4. Translations.......................................................................................................................................3

1.4.1. To language.............................................................................................................................3

1.5. Technical...........................................................................................................................................4

1.5.1. Original source of this HOWTO.............................................................................................4

1.5.2. On−line references to the HTML version of this HOWTO (linking/anchors)........................5

1.6. Preface...............................................................................................................................................5

1.6.1. How many versions of a Linux & IPv6 related HOWTO are floating around?......................5

1.7. Used terms, glossary and shortcuts...................................................................................................6

1.7.1. Network related.......................................................................................................................6

1.7.2. Document related....................................................................................................................7

1.8. Requirements for using this HOWTO..............................................................................................8

1.8.1. Personal prerequisites..............................................................................................................8

1.8.2. Linux operating system compatible hardware.........................................................................8

Chapter 2. Basics.................................................................................................................................................9

2.1. What is IPv6?....................................................................................................................................9

2.2. History of IPv6 in Linux...................................................................................................................9

2.2.1. Beginning................................................................................................................................9

2.2.2. In between...............................................................................................................................9

2.2.3. Current...................................................................................................................................10

2.2.4. Future.....................................................................................................................................10

2.3. What do IPv6 addresses look like?.................................................................................................10

2.4. FAQ (Basics)..................................................................................................................................11

2.4.1. Why is the name IPv6 and not IPv5 as successor for IPv4?.................................................11

2.4.2. IPv6 addresses: why such a high number of bits?.................................................................11

2.4.3. IPv6 addresses: why so small a number of bits on a new design?........................................11

Chapter 3. Address types.................................................................................................................................13

3.1. Addresses without a special prefix.................................................................................................13

3.1.1. Localhost address..................................................................................................................13

3.1.2. Unspecified address...............................................................................................................13

3.1.3. IPv6 address with embedded IPv4 address...........................................................................13

3.2. Network part, also known as prefix................................................................................................14

3.2.1. Link local address type..........................................................................................................14

3.2.2. Site local address type...........................................................................................................15

3.2.3. Global address type "(Aggregatable) global unicast"...........................................................15

3.2.4. Multicast addresses................................................................................................................17

3.2.5. Anycast addresses..................................................................................................................18

Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en)

Table of Contents

Chapter 3. Address types

3.3. Address types (host part)................................................................................................................18

3.3.1. Automatically computed (also known as stateless)...............................................................18

3.3.2. Manually set..........................................................................................................................19

3.4. Prefix lengths for routing................................................................................................................19

3.4.1. Prefix lengths (also known as "netmasks")...........................................................................19

3.4.2. Matching a route....................................................................................................................20

Chapter 4. IPv6−ready system check..............................................................................................................21

4.1. IPv6−ready kernel...........................................................................................................................21

4.1.1. Check for IPv6 support in the current running kernel...........................................................21

4.1.2. Try to load IPv6 module........................................................................................................21

4.1.3. Compile kernel with IPv6 capabilities..................................................................................22

4.1.4. IPv6−ready network devices.................................................................................................22

4.2. IPv6−ready network configuration tools........................................................................................23

4.2.1. net−tools package..................................................................................................................23

4.2.2. iproute package......................................................................................................................23

4.3. IPv6−ready test/debug programs....................................................................................................24

4.3.1. IPv6 ping...............................................................................................................................24

4.3.2. IPv6 traceroute6....................................................................................................................25

4.3.3. IPv6 tracepath6......................................................................................................................25

4.3.4. IPv6 tcpdump........................................................................................................................26

4.4. IPv6−ready programs......................................................................................................................26

4.5. IPv6−ready client programs (selection)..........................................................................................27

4.5.1. Checking DNS for resolving IPv6 addresses........................................................................27

4.5.2. IPv6−ready telnet clients.......................................................................................................27

4.5.3. IPv6−ready ssh clients...........................................................................................................27

4.5.4. IPv6−ready web browsers.....................................................................................................28

4.6. IPv6−ready server programs...........................................................................................................28

4.7. FAQ (IPv6−ready system check)....................................................................................................28

4.7.1. Using tools.............................................................................................................................28

Chapter 5. Configuring interfaces...................................................................................................................30

5.1. Different network devices...............................................................................................................30

5.1.1. Physically bounded................................................................................................................30

5.1.2. Virtually bounded..................................................................................................................30

5.2. Bringing interfaces up/down...........................................................................................................31

5.2.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................31

5.2.2. Using "ifconfig"....................................................................................................................31

Chapter 6. Configuring IPv6 addresses..........................................................................................................32

6.1. Displaying existing IPv6 addresses................................................................................................32

6.1.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................32

6.1.2. Using "ifconfig"....................................................................................................................32

6.2. Add an IPv6 address.......................................................................................................................33

6.2.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................33

6.2.2. Using "ifconfig"....................................................................................................................33

6.3. Removing an IPv6 address..............................................................................................................33

Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en)

Table of Contents

Chapter 6. Configuring IPv6 addresses

6.3.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................33

6.3.2. Using "ifconfig"....................................................................................................................33

Chapter 7. Configuring normal IPv6 routes..................................................................................................35

7.1. Displaying existing IPv6 routes......................................................................................................35

7.1.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................35

7.1.2. Using "route".........................................................................................................................35

7.2. Add an IPv6 route through a gateway.............................................................................................35

7.2.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................36

7.2.2. Using "route".........................................................................................................................36

7.3. Removing an IPv6 route through a gateway...................................................................................36

7.3.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................36

7.3.2. Using "route".........................................................................................................................36

7.4. Add an IPv6 route through an interface..........................................................................................37

7.4.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................37

7.4.2. Using "route".........................................................................................................................37

7.5. Removing an IPv6 route through an interface................................................................................37

7.5.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................37

7.5.2. Using "route".........................................................................................................................38

7.6. FAQ for IPv6 routes........................................................................................................................38

7.6.1. Support of an IPv6 default route...........................................................................................38

Chapter 8. Neighbor Discovery.......................................................................................................................39

8.1. Displaying neighbors using "ip".....................................................................................................39

8.2. Manipulating neighbors table using "ip"........................................................................................39

8.2.1. Manually add an entry...........................................................................................................39

8.2.2. Manually delete an entry.......................................................................................................39

8.2.3. More advanced settings.........................................................................................................39

Chapter 9. Configuring IPv6−in−IPv4 tunnels..............................................................................................41

9.1. Types of tunnels..............................................................................................................................41

9.1.1. Static point−to−point tunneling: 6bone.................................................................................41

9.1.2. Automatically tunneling........................................................................................................41

9.1.3. 6to4−Tunneling.....................................................................................................................41

9.2. Displaying existing tunnels.............................................................................................................42

9.2.1. Using "ip"..............................................................................................................................42

9.2.2. Using "route".........................................................................................................................43

9.3. Setup of point−to−point tunnel.......................................................................................................43

9.3.1. Add point−to−point tunnels..................................................................................................43

9.3.2. Removing point−to−point tunnels.........................................................................................44

9.3.3. Numbered point−to−point tunnels........................................................................................45

9.4. Setup of 6to4 tunnels......................................................................................................................45

9.4.1. Add a 6to4 tunnel..................................................................................................................46

9.4.2. Remove a 6to4 tunnel............................................................................................................47

Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en)

iii

Table of Contents

Chapter 10. Configuring IPv4−in−IPv6 tunnels............................................................................................48

Chapter 11. Kernel settings in /proc−filesystem............................................................................................49

11.1. How to access the /proc−filesystem..............................................................................................49

11.1.1. Using "cat" and "echo"........................................................................................................49

11.1.2. Using "sysctl"......................................................................................................................49

11.1.3. Values found in /proc−filesystems......................................................................................50

11.2. Entries in /proc/sys/net/ipv6/........................................................................................................50

11.2.1. conf/default/*.......................................................................................................................50

11.2.2. conf/all/*..............................................................................................................................51

11.2.3. conf/interface/*....................................................................................................................51

11.2.4. neigh/default/*.....................................................................................................................53

11.2.5. neigh/interface/*..................................................................................................................54

11.2.6. route/*..................................................................................................................................56

11.3. IPv6−related entries in /proc/sys/net/ipv4/...................................................................................57

11.3.1. ip_*......................................................................................................................................57

11.3.2. tcp_*....................................................................................................................................57

11.3.3. icmp_*.................................................................................................................................57

11.3.4. others...................................................................................................................................57

11.4. IPv6−related entries in /proc/net/..................................................................................................57

11.4.1. if_inet6.................................................................................................................................58

11.4.2. ipv6_route............................................................................................................................58

11.4.3. sockstat6..............................................................................................................................59

11.4.4. tcp6......................................................................................................................................59

11.4.5. udp6.....................................................................................................................................59

11.4.6. igmp6...................................................................................................................................59

11.4.7. raw6.....................................................................................................................................59

11.4.8. ip6_flowlabel.......................................................................................................................59

11.4.9. rt6_stats...............................................................................................................................59

11.4.10. snmp6................................................................................................................................59

11.4.11. ip6_tables_names..............................................................................................................59

Chapter 12. Netlink−Interface to kernel.........................................................................................................60

Chapter 13. Network debugging......................................................................................................................61

13.1. Server socket binding....................................................................................................................61

13.1.1. Using "netstat" for server socket binding check.................................................................61

13.2. Examples for tcpdump packet dumps...........................................................................................62

13.2.1. Router discovery..................................................................................................................62

13.2.2. Neighbor discovery.............................................................................................................63

Chapter 14. Support for persistent IPv6 configuration in Linux distributions..........................................64

14.1. Red Hat Linux and "clones".........................................................................................................64

14.1.1. Test for IPv6 support of network configuration scripts......................................................64

14.1.2. Short hint for enabling IPv6 on current RHL 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, ................................................65

14.2. SuSE Linux...................................................................................................................................65

14.2.1. SuSE Linux 7.3....................................................................................................................65

14.2.2. SuSE Linux 8.0....................................................................................................................65

Linux IPv6 HOWTO (en)

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