Unity3D游戏开发实战：EVAC-CITY入门指南

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"如何在Unity3D中制作游戏——一个基于C#的EVAC-CITY游戏开发实例教程" 本教程详细介绍了如何使用Unity3D和C#编程语言开发一款类似于EVAC-CITY的2D俯视视角生存射击游戏。EVAC-CITY是一款由David Lancaster和Daniel Wilkinson共同开发的游戏，目前可以免费在线游玩。教程分为以下几个主要部分： 1. **编程-角色移动** (Programming-Character Movement) 这部分将教你如何实现游戏主角的移动机制。在Unity3D中，这通常涉及到与键盘输入交互、碰撞检测以及角色控制器组件的使用。通过编写C#脚本，你可以让角色根据玩家的输入在2D环境中自由移动。 2. **编程-角色动画** (Programming-Character Animation) 角色动画是游戏体验的重要组成部分。在这里，你将学习如何设置角色的动画状态机，根据角色的动作（如行走、跑步、射击等）来切换不同的动画剪辑。Unity3D的Animator组件和C#代码结合可以实现这一功能。 3. **编程-敌人AI** (Programming-Enemy AI) 创建敌人的行为逻辑是游戏挑战性的关键。教程将涵盖如何设计简单的追逐或巡逻行为，以及如何让敌人对玩家的行动做出反应。这通常涉及到路径规划和简单的决策树。 4. **编程-弹道系统** (Programming-Projectiles) 理解如何发射并追踪子弹或射弹是射击游戏的核心。这部分会讲解如何创建弹道物体，设置其运动轨迹，并处理碰撞检测，以实现射击效果。 5. **编程-粒子效果与伤害系统** (Programming-Particle Effects and Damage) 粒子效果可以提升游戏的视觉吸引力，而伤害系统则决定了游戏的战斗反馈。学习如何创建爆炸、火花等粒子效果，以及如何在角色或物体受到伤害时应用这些效果。 6. **编程-额外开发** (Programming-Additional Development) 这部分可能包含声音管理、UI元素的添加、存档系统、游戏得分等进阶话题，以完善整个游戏体验。 7. **关卡设计-对象放置** (Level Design-Object Placement) 了解如何在Unity3D中布置场景，包括创建关卡布局、放置敌人、道具和其他环境元素，以及利用Unity的2D工具来设计游戏世界。 8. **关卡设计-游戏设计** (Level Design-Game Design) 深入探讨游戏设计原则，包括难度曲线、关卡流程和游戏平衡，以确保游戏既有挑战性又有趣。此外，教程还将介绍如何使用免费的图像编辑软件The Gimp来创建纹理和艺术素材，这对于那些没有美术背景的人来说非常有用。虽然本教程适合有一定Unity3D界面基础的学员，但Unity3D的界面设计友好，易于上手。这个教程提供了一个全面的学习路径，帮助你从零开始构建一个完整的2D游戏，同时涵盖了编程、美术设计和关卡构建等多个方面。通过跟随教程的步骤，你将能够掌握在Unity3D中制作游戏的基本技能。

}

void ProcessMovement()

{

rigidbody.AddForce (inputMovement.normalized * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime);

transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(inputRotation);

transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0,transform.eulerAngles.y + 180,0);

transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x,0,transform.position.z);

}

void HandleCamera()

{

objCamera.transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x,

15,transform.position.z);

objCamera.transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(90,0,0);

}

Hopefully you're not feeling too daunted by the sheer amount of code I have thrown in front of you! I

shall go through it line by line below, the reason I have thrown in so much code is to allow you to run

your Unity application and have your player character move around! If you now click the play button

at the top middle of your Unity interface you should be able to play the game and move your character

quite awkwardly around.

Firstly let's examine our update function:

void Update () {

FindInput();

ProcessMovement();

if (thisIsPlayer == true)

{

HandleCamera();

}

We are calling the FindInput function to find out what keys are being pressed and set the variables to

send into the ProcessMovement function to move our character. If we are the player we want to call

HandleCamera and set the camera to follow our player.

void FindPlayerInput ()

{

// find vector to move

inputMovement = new Vector3( Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"),

0,Input.GetAxis("Vertical") );

// find vector to the mouse

tempVector2 = new Vector3(Screen.width * 0.5f,0,Screen.height *

0.5f); // the position of the middle of the screen

tempVector = Input.mousePosition; // find the position of the

moue on screen

tempVector.z = tempVector.y; // input mouse position gives us 2D

coordinates, I am moving the Y coordinate to the Z coorindate in temp Vector and

setting the Y coordinate to 0, so that the Vector will read the input along the X

(left and right of screen) and Z (up and down screen) axis, and not the X and Y (in

and out of screen) axis

tempVector.y = 0;

inputRotation = tempVector - tempVector2; // the direction we

want face/aim/shoot is from the middle of the screen to where the mouse is pointing

}

Page 8 of 44

Now we're using some Vectors! If you're not familiar with Vectors then there is some learning you

may need to do online, they can be both complicated and simple but in the end they are your best friend

when it comes to controlling how objects move in a 3D world. Notice I am using the word 'new' in

some of those lines of code, this is purely C# syntax, it needs to do this when assigning new memory

for new variables I believe. The first line of code is finding out what keys the player is pressing,

remember in (edit - project settings – input) one of the input fields was called Horizontal?

Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") is giving us a variable between -1 and 1 telling us which key is being

pressed, pressing A will give us -1 and pressing D will give us 1.

Next we are finding out the rotation of the character, inputRotation is a Vector3, which calculates the

Vector from the center of the screen to the mouse position. I wont go into the mathematics of this but

that is what is happening in those few lines of code.

Now we are processing the movement:

void ProcessMovement()

{

rigidbody.AddForce (inputMovement.normalized * moveSpeed *

Time.deltaTime);

transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(inputRotation);

transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0,transform.eulerAngles.y +

180,0);

transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x,

0,transform.position.z);

}

Because earlier we added a rigidbody component to our player character, we can now call the

AddForce function to move it. Rigidbody is a pointer which automatically refers to the rigidbody

component attached to the gameObject using the script. If we didn't have a rigidbody attached to the

gameObject and were referring to it in a script, we would get an error. Remember our Vector which

held the information which keys the player was pressing? We are now putting those keys onto the X

and Z axis of the real player and moving it accordingly. When we use the .normalize function of a

Vector3. We are restricting the Vector to a size of 1. If we didn't do this there might be times in which

the player would move at different speeds because the Vector might be at different sizes. We are then

multiplying the Vector by the movement speed of the player and by Time.deltaTime. I don't know if

Time.deltaTime makes a difference here but as I'm used to in my 3D Game Studio days, it is used to

make the movement smooth and consistent depending on the framerate, if this line wasn't here and the

framerate change the speed the player moved might change also.

Quaternions! They are lovely! Transform.rotation is a Quaternion type of variable, and we cannot

simply tell it to accept a Vector type, so using the LookRotation function we are converting the Vector

into a Quaternion. And setting the rotation of the transform to the rotation of the inputRotation Vector.

Because this is a 2D game, we don't want the object rotating on any other axis asdie from the Y axis,

because we are applying a force on a cylinder collider the object will often rotate along the X and Z

axis as it pleases. In the 3

instruction of code we are simply reseting the rotation along the X and Z

axis to 0, and maintaining the original rotation along the Y axis. We rotate the Y axis eular angle by

another 180 degrees because in the sprite's material we set the tiling to -0.25, this means we must rotate

it around to make sure our object is facing the correct direction.

Page 9 of 44

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