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首页MATLAB在雷达系统分析与设计中的应用详解
MATLAB在雷达系统分析与设计中的应用详解
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《雷达系统分析与设计应用 MATLAB》是一本由Bassem R. Mahafza博士编著的专业教材,于2000年由Chapman & Hall/CRC出版,涵盖了雷达系统领域内的深入分析和设计方法。该书专为研究生学习者设计,旨在利用MATLAB这一强大的工具来理解和实践雷达系统的复杂功能。 书中详细探讨了雷达系统的原理、工作流程和MATLAB在其中的应用,包括信号处理、目标检测、跟踪、成像以及雷达数据处理等多个核心话题。通过MATLAB的交互式环境,读者能够学习如何模拟和优化雷达系统,理解其背后的数学模型,如傅立叶变换、滤波器设计和谱估计等。 本书特别强调了理论与实践的结合,不仅提供理论框架,还配以丰富的实例和案例,使读者能够在实际操作中掌握雷达系统的设计技巧。此外,书中还包含了大量的参考文献和索引,便于读者进一步探索相关研究和最新进展。 版权方面,该书已获得美国国会图书馆的分类与公共发行登记,并明确指出其中部分章节的材料可能来源于授权重印,所有引用均注明出处,以确保学术诚信。尽管作者和出版商已尽力确保信息的准确性和可靠性,但读者在使用本书内容时需自行判断其适用性,并承担可能产生的后果。 《雷达系统分析与设计应用 MATLAB》是一本不可或缺的参考资料,对于希望深入研究雷达技术并在MATLAB环境中进行实践的研究生和工程师来说,它提供了全面且实用的学习指南。通过这本书,读者可以提升自己的工程技能,理解并应用雷达系统在现代通信、导航、安全和军事应用中的关键作用。
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MATLAB Function “mono_pulse.m”
11.3. Phase Comparison Monopulse
11.4. Range Tracking
Part II: Multiple Target Tracking
11.5. Track-While-Scan (TWS)
11.6. State Variable Representation of an LTI System
11.7. The LTI System of Interest
11.8. Fixed-Gain Tracking Filters
11.8.1. The Filter
11.8.2. The Filter
MATLAB Function “ghk_tracker.m”
11.9. The Kalman Filter
11.9.1. The Singer -Kalman Filter
11.9.2. Relationship between Kalman and
Filters
MATLAB Function “kalman_filter.m”
11.10. MATLAB Programs and Functions
Problems
Chapter 12
Synthetic Aperture Radar
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Real Versus Synthetic Arrays
12.3. Side Looking SAR Geometry
12.4. SAR Design Considerations
12.5. SAR Radar Equation
12.6. SAR Signal Processing
12.7. Side Looking SAR Doppler Processing
12.8. SAR Imaging Using Doppler Processing
12.9. Range Walk
12.10. Case Study
12.11. Arrays in Sequential Mode Operation
12.11.1. Linear Arrays
12.11.2. Rectangular Arrays
12.12. MATLAB Programs
Problems
Chapter 13
Signal Processing
13.1. Signal and System Classifications
αβ
αβγ
αβγ
αβγ
© 2000 by Chapman & Hall/CRC
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13.2. The Fourier Transform
13.3. The Fourier Series
13.4. Convolution and Correlation Integrals
13.5. Energy and Power Spectrum Densities
13.6. Random Variables
13.7. Multivariate Gaussian Distribution
13.8. Random Processes
13.9. Sampling Theorem
13.10. The Z-Transform
13.11. The Discrete Fourier Transform
13.12. Discrete Power Spectrum
13.13. Windowing Techniques
Problems
Appendix A
Noise Figure
Appendix B
Decibel Arithmetic
Appendix C
Fourier Transform Table
Appendix D
Some Common Probability Densities
Chi-Square with N degrees of freedom
Exponential
Gaussian
Laplace
Log-Normal
Rayleigh
Uniform
Weibull
Appendix E
Z - Transform Table
Appendix F
MATLAB Program and Function Name List
Bibliography
© 2000 by Chapman & Hall/CRC
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1
Chapter 1
Radar Fundamentals
1.1. Radar Classifications
The word radar is an abbreviation for RAdio Detection And Ranging. In
general, radar systems use modulated waveforms and directive antennas to
transmit electromagnetic energy into a specific volume in space to search for
targets. Objects (targets) within a search volume will reflect portions of this
energy (radar returns or echoes) back to the radar. These echoes are then pro-
cessed by the radar receiver to extract target information such as range, veloc-
ity, angular position, and other target identifying characteristics.
Radars can be classified as ground based, airborne, spaceborne, or ship
based radar systems. They can also be classified into numerous categories
based on the specific radar characteristics, such as the frequency band, antenna
type, and waveforms utilized. Another classification is concerned with the
mission and/or the functionality of the radar. This includes: weather, acquisi-
tion and search, tracking, track-while-scan, fire control, early warning, over
the horizon, terrain following, and terrain avoidance radars. Phased array
radars utilize phased array antennas, and are often called multifunction (multi-
mode) radars. A phased array is a composite antenna formed from two or more
basic radiators. Array antennas synthesize narrow directive beams that may be
steered, mechanically or electronically. Electronic steering is achieved by con-
trolling the phase of the electric current feeding the array elements, and thus
the name phased arrays is adopted.
Radars are most often classified by the types of waveforms they use, or by
their operating frequency. Considering the waveforms first, radars can be
© 2000 by Chapman & Hall/CRC
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Continuous Wave (CW) or Pulsed Radars (PR). CW radars are those that con-
tinuously emit electromagnetic energy, and use separate transmit and receive
antennas. Unmodulated CW radars can accurately measure target radial veloc-
ity (Doppler shift) and angular position. Target range information cannot be
extracted without utilizing some form of modulation. The primary use of
unmodulated CW radars is in target velocity search and track, and in missile
guidance. Pulsed radars use a train of pulsed waveforms (mainly with modula-
tion). In this category, radar systems can be classified on the basis of the Pulse
Repetition Frequency (PRF), as low PRF, medium PRF, and high PRF radars.
Low PRF radars are primarily used for ranging where target velocity (Doppler
shift) is not of interest. High PRF radars are mainly used to measure target
velocity. Continuous wave as well as pulsed radars can measure both target
range and radial velocity by utilizing different modulation schemes.
Table 1.1 has the radar classifications based on the operating frequency.
High Frequency (HF) radars utilize the electromagnetic waves’ reflection off
the ionosphere to detect targets beyond the horizon. Some examples include
the United States Over The Horizon Backscatter (U.S. OTH/B) radar which
operates in the frequency range of , the U.S. Navy Relocatable
Over The Horizon Radar (ROTHR), see Fig. 1.1, and the Russian Woodpecker
radar. Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands are
used for very long range Early Warning Radars (EWR). Some examples
include the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) search and
track monopulse radar which operates at (Fig. 1.2), the Perimeter
and Acquisition Radar (PAR) which is a very long range multifunction phased
TABLE 1.1.
Radar fre
q
uenc
y
bands.
Letter
designation
Frequency (GHz)
New band designation
(GHz)
HF 0.003 - 0.03 A
VHF 0.03 - 0.3 A<0.25; B>0.25
UHF 0.3 - 1.0 B<0.5; C>0.5
L-band 1.0 - 2.0 D
S-band 2.0 - 4.0 E<3.0; F>3.0
C-band 4.0 - 8.0 G<6.0; H>6.0
X-band 8.0 - 12.5 I<10.0; J>10.0
Ku-band 12.5 - 18.0 J
K-band 18.0 - 26.5 J<20.0; K>20.0
Ka-band 26.5 - 40.0 K
MMW Normally >34.0 L<60.0; M>60.0
528
MHZ
–
245
MHz
© 2000 by Chapman & Hall/CRC
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array radar, and the early warning PAVE PAWS multifunction UHF phased
array radar. Because of the very large wavelength and the sensitivity require-
ments for very long range measurements, large apertures are needed in such
radar systems.
Figure 1.1. U. S. Navy Over The Horizon Radar. Photograph obtained
via the Internet.
Figure 1.2. Fylingdales BMEWS - United Kingdom. Photograph
obtained via the Internet.
© 2000 by Chapman & Hall/CRC
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