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RTP A/V Prole
July 2003
[ Page 1 ]
RFC: 3551
Network Working Group H. Schulzrinne
Request for Comments: 3551 Columbia University
Obsoletes: 1890 S. Casner
Category: Standards Track Packet Design
July 2003
RTP Prole for Audio and Video Conferences
with Minimal Control
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[ Page 2 ]
Status of this Memo
This document species an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests
discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Ofcial
Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document describes a prole called "RTP/AVP" for the use of the real-time transport protocol (RTP),
version 2, and the associated control protocol, RTCP, within audio and video multiparticipant conferences
with minimal control. It provides interpretations of generic elds within the RTP specication suitable for
audio and video conferences. In particular, this document denes a set of default mappings from payload
type numbers to encodings.
This document also describes how audio and video data may be carried within RTP. It denes a set of
standard encodings and their names when used within RTP. The descriptions provide pointers to reference
implementations and the detailed standards. This document is meant as an aid for implementors of audio,
video and other real-time multimedia applications.
This memorandum obsoletes RFC 1890. It is mostly backwards- compatible except for functions removed
because two interoperable implementations were not found. The additions to RFC 1890 codify existing
practice in the use of payload formats under this prole and include new payload formats dened since
RFC 1890 was published.
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July 2003
[ Page 3 ]
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ...................................................................................................5
1.1 Terminology ...........................................................................................5
2. RTP and RTCP Packet Forms and Protocol Behavior ..................................5
3. Registering Additional Encodings ................................................................6
4. Audio .............................................................................................................7
4.1 Encoding-Independent Rules .................................................................7
4.2 Operating Recommendations .................................................................8
4.3 Guidelines for Sample-Based Audio Encodings ....................................8
4.4 Guidelines for Frame-Based Audio Encodings ......................................9
4.5 Audio Encodings .....................................................................................9
4.5.1 DVI4 ..................................................................................................10
4.5.2 G722 ..................................................................................................10
4.5.3 G723 ..................................................................................................10
4.5.4 G726-40, G726-32, G726-24, and G726-16 .....................................12
4.5.5 G728 ..................................................................................................13
4.5.6 G729 ..................................................................................................13
4.5.7 G729D and G729E ............................................................................14
4.5.8 GSM ..................................................................................................16
4.5.8.1 General Packaging Issues ...............................................................16
4.5.8.2 GSM Variable Names and Numbers ..............................................17
4.5.9 GSM-EFR .........................................................................................18
4.5.10 L8 ....................................................................................................18
4.5.11 L16 ..................................................................................................18
4.5.12 LPC .................................................................................................18
4.5.13 MPA .................................................................................................18
4.5.14 PCMA and PCMU ...........................................................................18
4.5.15 QCELP ............................................................................................19
4.5.16 RED .................................................................................................19
4.5.17 VDVI ...............................................................................................19
5. Video ...........................................................................................................19
5.1 CelB
......................................................................................................20
5.2 JPEG .....................................................................................................20
5.3 H261 .....................................................................................................20
5.4 H263 .....................................................................................................20
5.5 H263-1998 ............................................................................................20
5.6 MPV .....................................................................................................20
5.7 MP2T ....................................................................................................20
5.8 nv ..........................................................................................................20
6. Payload Type Denitions ............................................................................21
7. RTP over TCP and Similar Byte Stream Protocols .....................................22
8. Port Assignment ..........................................................................................22
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RTP A/V Prole
July 2003
[ Page 4 ]
9. Changes from RFC 1890 ............................................................................22
10. Security Considerations ............................................................................24
11. IANA Considerations ................................................................................24
12. References .................................................................................................25
12.1 Normative References ........................................................................25
12.2 Informative References ......................................................................25
13. Current Locations of Related Resources ...................................................26
14. Acknowledgments .....................................................................................27
15. Intellectual Property Rights Statement .....................................................27
16. Authors' Addresses .....................................................................................27
17. Full Copyright Statement ..........................................................................27
Acknowledgement ..........................................................................................28
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RTP A/V Prole
July 2003
[ Page 5 ]
1. Introduction
This prole denes aspects of RTP left unspecied in the RTP Version 2 protocol denition (RFC 3550)
[1]. This prole is intended for the use within audio and video conferences with minimal session control.
In particular, no support for the negotiation of parameters or membership control is provided. The prole
is expected to be useful in sessions where no negotiation or membership control are used (e.g., using the
static payload types and the membership indications provided by RTCP), but this prole may also be useful
in conjunction with a higher-level control protocol.
Use of this prole may be implicit in the use of the appropriate applications; there may be no explicit indi-
cation by port number, protocol identier or the like. Applications such as session directories may use the
name for this prole specied in Section 11.
Other proles may make different choices for the items specied here.
This document also denes a set of encodings and payload formats for audio and video. These payload
format descriptions are included here only as a matter of convenience since they are too small to warrant
separate documents. Use of these payload formats is NOT REQUIRED to use this prole. Only the binding
of some of the payload formats to static payload type numbers in Tables 4 and 5 is normative.
1.1 Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be inter-
preted as described in RFC 2119 [2] and indicate requirement levels for implementations compliant with
this RTP prole.
This document denes the term media type as dividing encodings of audio and video content into three
classes: audio, video and audio/video (interleaved).
2. RTP and RTCP Packet Forms and Protocol
Behavior
The section "RTP Proles and Payload Format Specications" of RFC 3550 enumerates a number of items
that can be specied or modied in a prole. This section addresses these items. Generally, this prole fol-
lows the default and/or recommended aspects of the RTP specication.
RTP data header: The standard format of the xed RTP data header is used (one marker bit).
Payload types: Static payload types are dened in Section 6.
RTP data header additions: No additional xed elds are appended to the RTP data header.
RTP data header extensions: No RTP header extensions are dened, but applications operating under
this prole MAY use such extensions. Thus, applications SHOULD NOT assume that the RTP header
X bit is always zero and SHOULD be prepared to ignore the header extension. If a header extension is
dened in the future, that denition MUST specify the contents of the rst 16 bits in such a way that
multiple different extensions can be identied.
RTCP packet types: No additional RTCP packet types are dened by this prole specication.
RTCP report interval: The suggested constants are to be used for the RTCP report interval calculation.
Sessions operating under this prole MAY specify a separate parameter for the RTCP trafc bandwidth
rather than using the default fraction of the session bandwidth. The RTCP trafc bandwidth MAY be
divided into two separate session parameters for those participants which are active data senders and
those which are not. Following the recommendation in the RTP specication [1] that 1/4 of the RTCP
bandwidth be dedicated to data senders, the RECOMMENDED default values for these two parameters
would be 1.25% and 3.75%, respectively. For a particular session, the RTCP bandwidth for non-data-
senders MAY be set to zero when operating on unidirectional links or for sessions that don't require
feedback on the quality of reception. The RTCP bandwidth for data senders SHOULD be kept non-zero
so that sender reports can still be sent for inter-media synchronization and to identify the source by
CNAME. The means by which the one or two session parameters for RTCP bandwidth are specied is
beyond the scope of this memo.
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