语言类型学与语法研究系列：探索语言普遍规律

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"《案例、类型学与语法》系列是《语言研究》杂志的配套丛刊，由约瑟夫·格林伯格荣誉主编，迈克尔·诺南总编辑，斯皮克·吉尔迭亚和苏珊娜·肯默担任副编辑。该系列旨在通过功能性和类型学的视角，探讨特定的语言话题，汇集来自全球多种语言和语言类型学的数据。其核心理念是实证而非形式主义，旨在通过尽可能广泛的语言数据库，探索人类语言的普遍性，关注跨语言、历时、发展以及动态的语言现象。丛刊的编委会成员包括了多位在各自领域极具影响力的学者，如查尔斯·李、丹尼尔·斯洛宾、伯恩德·海因等，他们分别代表了不同地区和学术背景的研究力量。每一卷书籍将聚焦于一个具体主题，例如语音学、语义学、句法结构或者语言变迁等，通过深入分析对比，揭示语言的共通规律和差异特性。这一系列丛刊不仅提供了一个研究者们交流和分享语言学发现的平台，也为语言学家提供了丰富的案例研究材料，有助于深化对语言习得、演变以及人类认知模式的理解。读者可以从中受益于对语言多样性的深入认识，以及对语言如何适应社会和文化环境的洞察。《案例、类型学与语法》系列是推动语言学研究向更深层次和广阔视野发展的宝贵资源。"

the published works of barry j. blake xv

1985

Review of J. Heath: Nunggubuyu myths and ethnographic texts; Nunggubuyu dic-

tionary, and functional grammar of Nunggubuyu. Australian Journal of Linguistics

5: 304–10.

‘‘Case markers, case and grammatical relations: an addendum to Goddard.’’ Austra-

lian Journal of Linguistics 5: 79–84.

‘‘Referential and conceptual roles.’’ In Festschrift in honour of Arthur Delbridge:

a special issue of Beitrage zur Phonetik und Linguistik 48: 29–34.

Review of M. McDonald and S.A. Wurm: basic materials in Wankumara (Galali).

Oceania 55: 235.

‘‘‘Short a’ in Melbourne English.’’ Journal of the International Phonetic Associa-

tion 15: 6–20.

1986

‘‘Unaccusatives: an alternative description.’’ Working Papers in Language and

Linguistics 19: 1–15.

Review of W. Foley & R. Van Valin jr.: Functional syntax and universal grammar.

Australian Journal of Linguistics 6.

1987

Review of T. Shopen (ed.): Language typology and syntactic description. Language

63: 606–19. [With G. Mallinson.]

‘‘Core grammar in Australia: data and lines of development.’’ Lingua 71: 179–202.

‘‘Subordinate verb morphology in western Queensland.’’ In D. C. Laycock and

W. Winter (eds), A World of Language: Papers presented to Professor S.A. Wurm

on his 65th birthday, Canberra: Paciﬁc Linguistics, 61–8.

Australian Aboriginal Grammar. London: Croom Helm.

‘‘English and German: Two Languages Two Thousand Years Apart.’’ Review arti-

cle based on J. Hawkins: English and German: Unifying the Contrasts. Multi-

lingua 6: 309–23.

1988

‘‘Redeﬁning Pama-Nyungan: towards a prehistory of Australian languages.’’ Ab-

original Linguistics 1, 1–90.

‘‘Tagalog and the Manila-Mt Isa axis.’’ La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics 1:

77–90.

Review of R. Tomlin: Basic word order—functional principles. Journal of Linguis-

tics 24: 1, 213–23.

the published works of barry j. blake xvii

‘‘Features of case.’’ La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics 5: 7–11.

‘‘The case hierarchy.’’ La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics 5: 1–6.

1993

‘‘Ergativity in the Paciﬁc.’’ La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics 6: 19–32.

‘‘Verb aﬃxes from case markers.’’ La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics 6:

33–58.

Review of J. Nichols: Linguistic diversity in space and time. Languages of the

World 6: 50–3.

1994

‘‘Language evolution.’’ In D. Horton (ed.), The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Aus-

tralia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Stud-

ies, 598–600.

‘‘Case marking.’’ In D. Horton (ed.), The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia.

Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies,

183–4.

‘‘Language.’’ In D. Horton (ed.), The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia. Can-

berra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 592–5.

Review of F.R. Palmer: Grammatical roles and relations. Journal of Linguistics 30:

297–8.

‘‘Relational Grammar.’’ In R. E. Asher (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Language and

Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon, 3514–20.

‘‘Language Classiﬁcation.’’ In R. E. Asher (ed), The Encyclopedia of Language and

Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon, 1952–57.

‘‘Australian Languages.’’ In R. E. Asher (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Language and

Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon, 266–73.

‘‘Australian Aboriginal Languages: introduction.’’ Australian Phrasebook. Mel-

bourne: Lonely Planet, 89–95.

‘‘Languages of Victoria and New South Wales.’’ Australian Phrasebook. Mel-

bourne: Lonely Planet, 154–60. (with Austin, P.K.)

‘‘Sound change in Kulin.’’ La Trobe University Working Papers in Linguistics 7:

1–14. [With J. Reid.]

Case. Cambridge: University Press.

1995

‘‘Classifying Victorian languages.’’ La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics 8:

1–59. [With J. Reid.]

On the semantic frames of

be and ‘possessive’ have

KEITH ALLAN

Monash University

1. Establishing common ground

This chapter examines the semantic frames of the clause predicates be and ‘pos-

sessive’ have using a variant of the formalism of Role and Reference Grammar

—hereafter RRG (Foley and Van Valin 1984, Van Valin 1990, 1993a, 1993b,

Van Valin and Wilkins 1993, Van Valin and LaPolla 1996).

Deriving from the role

which an argument’s denotatum plays in the action, event, or state denoted by the

predicate, thematic relations are a signiﬁcant part of the semantic frame of a predi-

cate. Thematic relations are also referred to as ‘valencies’ in Tesnière (1959),

‘(deep) cases’ in Fillmore (1968, 1977), Anderson (1971), Blake (1977); ‘semantic

roles’ in Katz (1972, 1977), Dillon (1977); ‘θ-/theta roles’ in Chomsky (1981),

Marantz (1984), Wilkins (1988); ‘argument roles’ in Goldberg (1995); and ‘role

archetypes’ by Langacker (1990). I shall adopt the RRG notion of macroroles (here-

after MR) in addition to thematic relations such as eﬀector (subsuming agent, in-

strument,force,andmeans),experiencer(perceivers,cognizers), theme, patient, and

unnumbered locatives (cf. Landau and Jackendoﬀ (1993)). MR are described in

Foley and Van Valin (1984), Van Valin (1993a); but the usage here is closest to that

in Van Valin and LaPolla (1996). Dowty (1991) refers to something very similar as

‘proto-roles’. The number of MR a verb has is less than or equal to the number of

arguments in its logical structure. The only two MR are ‘actor’ and ‘undergoer’;

they roughly correspond to what is sometimes called ‘logical subject’ and ‘logical

object’ respectively. If a verb has only one argument in its logical structure it will

take one MR: If the verb has an activity predicate (DO or do′

) in its logical struc-

ture, the MR is actor; otherwise, the MR is undergoer. In an active clause, the actor

is (to use Langacker’s (1987) terms) the trajector proﬁled in the clause and so be-

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